OGC GeoSciML

Borehole

A Borehole is the generalized term for any narrow shaft drilled in the ground, either vertically, horizontally, or inclined.

IFC

IFCBorehole

A Borehole is the generalized term for any narrow shaft drilled in the ground, either vertically, horizontally, or inclined.

AGS

LOCA

AGS LOCA includes exploratory holes of any type, e.g., borehole, trial pits, CPT

DIGGS

Borehole

A sampling feature feature that is a deep, narrow excavation made by drilling and/or extraction of earth material. Boreholes are constructed typically for the purpose of investigating subsurface geologic or geotechnical conditions, exploring for water or oil, for installation of wells or other downhole monitoring installations.

DIGGS

Sounding

A sampling feature that is created by a measurement or construction activity through insertion of a probe or tool into the ground.

id

Identifier

name

A human-readable display name for the borehole.

description

A human-readable description for the borehole.

metadata

A URI referring to a metadata record describing the provenance of data.

remarks

Any general remarks about the borehole.

boreholePurpose

The purpose for which the borehole was drilled.

boreholeUse

The current use of the borehole which could differ from the purpose for which the borehole was initially drilled.

status

The current status of the borehole.( eg. planned, completed, destroyed)

source

Details and citations to source materials for the borehole and, if available, providing URLs to reference material and publications describing the borehole. This could be a short text synopsis of key information that would also be in the metadata record referenced by metadata_uri.

associatedFile

Identifies external files associated with this borehole. This allows for the feature to be further elaborated with information that cannot be represented by ASCII text, such as a photograph or other media, binary data, or a formatted report.

whenDestroyed

The time period during which the hole was destroyed or forever abandoned. This date must occur after all related observations, measurements or activities had been performed in the borehole, and should reflect the time after which no observations or activities are possible in the hole.

drillingMethod

The method(s) used to construct the hole.

drillingEquipment

The equipment used to construct the hole.

operator

The organization or agency responsible for commissioning of the borehole (as opposed to the agency which drilled the borehole).

driller

The organization responsible for drilling the borehole (as opposed to commissioning the borehole).

drillStartDate

The datetime of the start of drilling formatted according to ISO8601 (e.g., 2012-03-17T00:00:00).

drillEndDate

The date of the end of drilling formatted according to ISO8601 (e.g., 2012-03-28T00:00:00).

BoreholeLengthPlanned

The planned length of a borehole e.g., in a site investigation program.

BoreholeLengthDrilled

The total length of a borehole as drilled and logged. Length may have different sources (e.g., driller’s measurement, logger’s measurement, survey measurement).

startPoint

The position relative to the ground surface that marks the origin for measuring distance along a borehole’s trajectory.

collarGeometry

2D or 3D point geometry that represents the location of the borehole at the ground surface in geographic space.

srsName

The URI of a spatial reference system. If collarGeometry is a 2D point, this is the horizontal SRS. If collarGeometry is a 3D point, this must be a either a 3D SRS, a known compound SRS, or the EPSG code of the horizontal component of a compound SRS.

elevation_srsName

The URI of a spatial reference system of the elevation of the collarGeometry. (e.g., mean sea level). Mandatory if collarGeometry and srsName is the EPSG code of the horizontal component of a compound SRS. elevation_srsName shall be a one dimensional vertical SRS (i.e., EPSG code in the range 5600-5799).

positionalAccuracy

An estimate of the accuracy of the location of the collarGeometry. Ideally, this would be a quantitative estimate of accuracy (e.g., 20 metres).

locality

Non-coordinate location information for a borehole.

localCoordinates

A geometry object that holds the values of local coordinates for the borehole collar location. This object is used to carry information about the location of a feature in its original local reference system if not originally recorded in a well-known SRS.

azimuth

For a straight but inclined borehole, the azimuth of the borehole’s trajectory as a plane angle measurement, where 0 is true north, incrementing clockwise.

inclination

For a straight but inclined borehole, the inclination of the borehole’s trajectory as a plane angle measurement, where 0 is vertical and 90 is horizontal.

trajectoryType

Describes the general character of the borehole’s trajectory. (vertical, inclined, deviated)

trajectoryGeometry

A geometry that represents and locates the borehole shape. It is represented as a lineString in 3D space and is of the same SRS as collarGeometry. A borehole can have multiple centerlines to represent sidetracks or to serve as a linear referencing element for observations within the borehole that may be located relative to different datums (eg. ground surface vs rig table).

linearReferencing

Defines the linear spatial reference system for the borehole. This LSRS can then be used to define the location of observations within the borehole as a 1D position along the borehole’s trajectory, rather than in geographic coordinates.

boreholeType

Type of borehole. (core drilling, destructive drilling, trial pit, sounding)

OGC GeoSciML

TrialPit (candidate)

Same as DIGGS.

IFC

Borehole

AGS

LOCA

AGS LOCA includes exploratory holes of any type, e.g., borehole, trial pit, CPT

DIGGS

TrialPit

A relatively shallow excavation into the earth’s surface, dug either manually or by a mechanical excavator. Samples, observations and tests in the trial pit are referenced in a linear referencing system only (1D). This is a legacy sampling feature to support AGS trial pit constructs. The TrenchWall sampling feature should be used to represent more detail on walls of pits or trenches in 2D.

id

Identifier

name

A human-readable display name for the trial pit.

description

A human-readable description for the trial pit.

metadata

A URI referring to a metadata record describing the provenance of data.

remarks

Any general remarks about the trial pit

pitPurpose

The purpose for which the trial pit was created.

pitUse

The current use of the trial pit which could differ from the purpose for which the trial pit was initially created.

status

The current status of the trial pit (e.g., planned, completed, destroyed.

source

Details and citations to source materials for the trial pit and, if available, providing URLs to reference material and publications describing the trial pit. This could be a short text synopsis of key information that would also be in the metadata record referenced by metadata_uri.

associatedFile

Identifies external files associated with this trial pit. This allows for the feature to be further elaborated with information that cannot be represented by ASCII text, such as a photograph or other media, binary data, or a formatted report.

whenDestroyed

The time period during which the trial pit was destroyed or forever abandoned. This date must occur after all related observations, measurements or activities had been performed in the trial pit, and should reflect the time after which no observations or activities are possible..

constructionMethod

The method(s) used for this trial pit (manual, mechanical)

constructionEquipment

The equipment used to construct the trial pit

operator

The organization or agency responsible for commissioning of the trial pit (as opposed to the agency which drilled the trial pit).

excavator

The organization responsible for digging the trial pit (as opposed to commissioning the trial pit).

pitStartDate

The datetime of the start of excavation formatted according to ISO8601 (e.g., 2012-03-17T00:00:00).

pitEndDate

The date of the end of excavation formatted according to ISO8601 (e.g., 2012-03-28T00:00:00).

pitDepthPlanned

The planned depth of a trial pit e.g., in a site investigation program.

pitDepthConstructed

The total depth of a trial pit as constructed and logged.

pitLength

The length of the long horizontal dimension of the pit.

pitWidth

The length of the short horizontal dimension of the pit.

startPoint

The position relative to the ground surface that marks the origin for measuring distance along a trial pit’s trajectory

pitShoring

Description of shoring equipment and method.

pitBackfill

Information on construction of the trial pit backfill.

locationGeometry

2D or 3D point geometry that represents the location of the trial pit at the ground surface in geographic space.

srsName

The URI of a spatial reference system. If collarGeometry is a 2D point, this is the horizontal SRS. If collarGeometry is a 3D point, this must be a either a 3D SRS, a known compound SRS, or the EPSG code of the horizontal component of a compound SRS.

elevation_srsName

The URI of a spatial reference system of the elevation of the collarGeometry. (e.g., mean sea level). Mandatory if collarGeometry and srsName is the EPSG code of the horizontal component of a compound SRS. elevation_srsName shall be a one dimensional vertical SRS (i.e., EPSG code in the range 5600-5799).

positionalAccuracy

An estimate of the accuracy of the location of the collarGeometry. Ideally, this would be a quantitative estimate of accuracy (e.g., 20 metres).

locality

Non-coordinate location information for a trial pit.

localCoordinates

A geometry object that holds the values of local coordinates for the trial pit location. This object is used to carry information about the location of a feature in its original local reference system if not originally recorded in a well-known SRS

trajectoryGeometry

A geometry lineString in 3D space that represents the top and base of the trial pit. This object is of the same SRS as locationGeometry.

linearReferencing

Defines the linear spatial reference system for the trial pit. This LSRS can then be used to define the locations of observations within the trial pit as a 1D position along the trial pit’s trajectory, rather than in geographic coordinates.

OGC OMS

Observation

An observation is an act associated with a discrete time instant or period through which a number, term or other symbol is assigned to a characteristic. This act involves application of a specified procedure, such as a sensor, instrument, algorithm or process chain. The procedure may be applied in-situ, remotely, or ex-situ with respect to the sampling location. The result of an observation is an estimate of the value of a property of some feature; an observation is a property-value-provider for a feature-of-interest. Use of a common model allows observation data using different procedures to be combined unambiguously.

IFC

GeoscienceObservation

Detailed collected information, including measured parameters, descriptions etc. related to geoscientific observations that can be assigned to physical or spatial elements using IfcRelAssignsToProduct.

AGS

No specific concept as such as all data is treated similarly in AGS data, whether it be location data, hole/test/other metadata or results (i.e. observations in this context)

DIGGS

Observation

An interval or region defined at a sampling feature that contains qualitative observations or interpretations.

DIGGS

Measurement

An act or event whose results are quantitative estimates of the values of properties of the target of an investigation. DIGGS currently has three specialized measurement objects, 1) a Test, which is a measurement made over a spatial domain, such as laboratory tests on samples collected in the field, or in-situ tests where measurements are made directly on site, 2) monitoring activities, which are measurements made over a temporal domain, such as water level measurements or inclinometer readings, and 3) a Material Test, which is for measurements made on material samples that are manufactured such that the result pertains only to the sample and not to any associated location.

BRGM

Registry

https://data.geoscience.fr/ncl/Proc

This register lists the different methods and processes that can be used to acquire knowledge.

DIGGS

XML Schema

https://www.diggsml.org/schemas/2.5.a/Geotechnical.xsd

This schema document contains the currently adopted test procedure methods (objects), their properties and property definitions. In instance documents, these objects are contained within a parent Test or MaterialTest measurement object

BRGM

Registry

https://data.geoscience.fr/ncl/ObsProp

This register contains the observable properties.

DIGGS

XML file

https://www.diggsml.org/dictionaries/DIGGSTestPropertyDefinitions.xml

This is an XML dictionary file (extension of GML Dictionary) containing the controlled property code, name, definition and associated test procedures for currently adopted observed properties for DOGGS Test and Monitor measurement objects

natural water content

Ratio of the mass of free water to the mass of dry soil

Rapport de la masse d’eau sur la masse sèche

dry density

Ratio of the mass of solid to the unit total volume

Rapport de la masse solide sur le volume total

dry unit weight

Product of the dry density times the gravity acceleration g

Produit de la masse volumique sèche par l’accélération de la pesanteur g

bulk density

Ratio of the total mass of the soil to the unit total volume

Rapport de la masse totale sur le volume total

bulk unit weight

Product of the bulk density times the gravity acceleration g

produit de la masse volumique humide par l’accélération de la pesanteur g

particle density or density of solid particles

Ratio of the mass of solid to the volume of solid

Rapport de la masse solide sur le volume de grains solides

specific gravity

Product of the particle density times the gravity acceleration g

Produit de la masse volumique des grains par l’accélération de la pesanteur g

total porosity

Ratio of the volume of void to the total volume

Rapport entre le volume de vide et le volume total

void index

Ratio of the volume of voids to the volme of solid

Rapport entre le volume de vide et le volume des grains solides

saturation ratio or degree of saturation

Ratio of the volume of water to the volume of voids

Rapport entre le volume de l’eau et le volume des vides

lithology classification

The value that describes the lithology as a controlled term (classification code or controlled name), rather than a simply descriptive one.

Valeur qui décrit la lithologie comme un terme contrôlé (code de classification ou nom contrôlé), plutôt que simplement descriptif.

lithology description

Descriptive information about the soil or rock lithology and should be used in conjunction with lithology classification. A lithology description typically includes a description of color, grain size disctribution, constituents and field properties (eg. well-graded sand (SW), fine-grained, dark grey, massive, dry, hard).

Informations descriptives sur la lithologie du sol ou des roches et doivent être utilisées conjointement avec la classification lithologique. Une description lithologique comprend généralement une description de la couleur, de la distribution granulométrique, des constituants et des propriétés du terrain (par exemple, sable bien classé (SW), à grains fins, gris foncé, massif, sec, dur).

lithology symbol

A string or numeric value that is used to define a graphic pattern that may be used to symbolize the unit on a borehole log or map.

Une chaîne ou une valeur numérique utilisée pour définir un motif graphique pouvant être utilisé pour symboliser l’unité sur un journal ou une carte de forage.

unit name

The name of the geological or geotechnical unit

Atterberg limits

liquid limit

Water content at which the soil changes from the liquid state to the plastic state

Teneur en eau pour laquelle le sol passe de l’état liquide à l’état plastique

plastic limit

Water content at which the soil changes from the plastic state to a semi-solid state

Teneur en eau pour laquelle le sol passe de l’état plastique à l’état semi-solide

plasticity index

Difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit

Différence entre la limite de liquidité et la limite de plasticité

shrinkage limit

Water content at which the soil changes from a solid state without shrinkage and a solid state with shrinkage

Teneur en eau pour laquelle le sol passe d’un état solide sans retrait et un état solide avec retrait

Particle size parameters

methylene blue test value

weight of methylene blue adsorbed (fixed) to 100g of the fraction 0/50mm of the soil particles

Masse de bleu de méthylène adsorbée pour 100g de la fraction 0/50mm du sol étudié

maximal particle diameter

maximum diameter of particles

diamètre maximum des grains

passing

Mass percentage of grain particles passing through a given sieve size opening, to the total dry mass of the tested sample.

Pourcentage massique de particules d’un sol traversant un tamis d’ouverture donnée, rapporté à la masse sèche totale de l’échantillon.

retained

Mass percentage of grain particles retained on a given sieve size opening, to the total dry mass of the tested sample.

Pourcentage massique de particules de grains retenues sur une ouverture de tamis de taille donnée, par rapport à la masse sèche totale de l’échantillon testé.

particle diameter d60

Particle size such that 60% of the particles by weight are smaller than size

Diamètre de grains tel que 60% des grains en poids sont plus petits que ce diamètre

median particle diameter d50

Particle size such that 50% of the particles by weight are smaller than size

Diamètre de grains tel que 50% des grains en poids sont plus petits que ce diamètre

particle diameter d30

Particle size such that 30% of the particles by weight are smaller than size

Diamètre de grains tel que 30% des grains en poids sont plus petits que ce diamètre

particle diameter d10

Particle size such that 10% of the particles by weight are smaller than size

Diamètre de grains tel que 10% des grains en poids sont plus petits que ce diamètre

boulder content

Mass percentage of the sample with particles larger than 300 mm or 256 mm depending on classification system used.

Pourcentage massique de l’échantillon avec des particules supérieures à 300 mm ou 256 mm selon le système de classification utilisé.

cobble content

Mass percentage of the sample with particle sizes between 75 and 300 mm or between 64 and 256 mm depending on classification system used.

Pourcentage massique de l’échantillon avec des granulométries comprises entre 75 et 300 mm ou entre 64 et 256 mm selon le système de classification utilisé.

pebble content

Mass percentage of the sample with particle sizes between 4 and 64 mm.

Pourcentage massique de l’échantillon avec des tailles de particules comprises entre 4 et 64 mm.

gravel content

Mass percentage of the sample with particle sizes between 4.75 and 75 mm, or greater than 2 mm, depending on the classification system used.

Pourcentage massique de l’échantillon dont la granulométrie est comprise entre 4,75 et 75 mm, ou supérieure à 2 mm, selon le système de classification utilisé.

granule content

Mass percentage of the sample with particle sizes between 2 and 4 mm

Pourcentage massique de l’échantillon dont la granulométrie est comprise entre 2 et 4 mm.

sand content

Mass percentage of the sample with particle sizes between 0.075 and 4.75 mm, or between than 0.625 and 2 mm, depending on the classification system used.

Pourcentage massique de l’échantillon avec des tailles de particules comprises entre 0,075 et 4,75 mm, ou entre 0,625 et 2 mm, selon le système de classification utilisé.

un

Mass percentage of the sample with particle sizes between 2 and 4.75 mm.

Pourcentage massique de l’échantillon avec des tailles de particules comprises entre 2 et 4,75 mm.

medium sand content

Mass percentage of the sample with particle sizes between 0.425 mm and 2 mm.

Pourcentage massique de l’échantillon avec des tailles de particules comprises entre 0,425 mm et 2 mm.

fine sand content

Mass percentage of the sample with particle sizes between 0.075 and 0.425 mm

Pourcentage massique de l’échantillon avec des tailles de particules comprises entre 0,075 et 0,425 mm

silt content

clay content

Mass percentage of the sample smaller than 0.002 mm

Pourcentage massique de l’échantillon inférieur à 0,002 mm

fines content

Mass percentage of the sample smaller than 0.075 mm or 0,0625 mm depending on the classification system used

Poucentage massique de particule passant par le tamis de 0,063 mm

uniformity coefficient (or hazen coefficient)

Ratio of d60/d10.

Rapport des diamètres d60/d10

Geochemical parameters

carbonate content

Percentage of equivalent calcium carbonate obtained from the amount of CO2, as percentage of dry weight.

Pourcentage massique de la fraction carbonatée contenue dans un sol rapportée au poids du sol sec

sulfate content

Amount of sulfate (expressed as SO42-) in milligrams per kilogram of dry soil.

Concentration en sulfate (exprimée sous la forme SO42-), en milligrames par kilogramme de sol séché à l’air.

organic matter content

Ratio of the mass of organic matter in a soil sample by the total solid particle mass.

Quotient de la masse de matière organique contenues dans un échantillon de sol par la masse des particules solides

gtr class

Soil class as per French GTR guidelines or NF P11-300 standard

classe de sol au sens du GTR (Guide des terrassements routiers) et de la norme NF P 11-300

Mechanical parameters of soils

uniaxial compressive strength

The maximum axial compressive stress that a right-cylindrical sample of material can withstand under unconfined conditions—the confining stress is zero. Also known as unconfirmed compressive strength.

Contrainte de compression axiale maximale à laquelle un échantillon de matériau cylindrique droit peut résister dans des conditions non confinées : la contrainte de confinement est nulle. Également connue sous le nom de résistance à la compression non confirmée.

shear strength

Maximum value of the shear stress that a soil can support before it fails along a shear plane, when it is submitted to a deviator of stresses. The shear strength is usually expressed by the Coulomb criterion τ = c + σ.tgϕ, with c, the cohesion, and ϕ, the friction angle.

Valeur de la contrainte de cisaillement maximale que le sol peut supporter, avant la rupture par glissement le long d’un plan, lorsqu’il est soumis à un déviateur des contraintes. Selon le critère de Coulomb, la résistance au cisaillement d’un sol est τ = c + σ.tgϕ, avec c, la cohésion, et ϕ, l’angle de frottement.

undrained shear strength

Value of the shear stress at failure of a cohesive soil, under undrained loading conditions.

Valeur de la contrainte ou taux de cisaillement à la rupture dans un sol cohérent, en conditions de chargement non drainées

undrained friction angle

Value of the friction angle of a soil under undrained loading condtions (null for a saturated cohesive soil)

Valeur de l’angle de frottement d’un sol, en conditions de chargement non drainées (égal à 0 pour un sol cohérent saturé)

drained cohesion

Value of the shear strength of a soil, for a null normal stress, under drained loading conditions

Valeur de la résistance au cisaillement d’un sol pour une contrainte normale nulle, en conditions de chargement drainées

drained friction angle

Value of the friction angle of a soil under drained loading conditions

Valeur de l’angle de frottement d’un sol, en conditions de chargement drainées

residual cohesion

Value of cohesion for high displacements on a failure plane.

Valeur de la cohésion après de grands déplacements sur une surface de rupture.

residual friction angle

Value of friction angle for high displacements on a failure plane.

Valeur de l’angle de frottement après de grands déplacement sur une surface de rupture

soil compressibility parameters

compression index cc

Gradient of the linear portion of the oedometer test curve (void ratio versus the logarithm of vertical effective stress), beyond the pressure of pre-consolidation .

Pente de la partie linéaire de la courbe oedométrique (indice de vides en fonction du logarithme de la contrainte verticale effective), lors du chargement, pour une contrainte verticale appliquée supérieure à la pression de consolidation.

unloading / recompression index cs (or cg)

Gradient of the linear portion of the oedometer test curve (void ratio versus the logarithm of vertical effective stress ), before the pressure of pre-consolidation.

Pente de la partie linéaire de la courbe oedométrique (indice de vides en fonction du logarithme de la contrainte verticale effective), lors du chargement pour une contrainte verticale appliquée inférieure à la pression de consolidation ou lors du déchargement.

consolidation pressure (or yield stress)

Highest value of vertical effective stress applied on a soil in its geological history. In an oedometer test, vertical effective pressure at the intersection of the reloading and first loading linear portions.

Contrainte effective verticale la plus élevée à laquelle un sol a été soumis au cours de son histoire géologique. Dans un essai oedométrique, contrainte effective verticale à l’intersection de la droite de recompression réelle et de la droite de compression normale.

coefficient of vertical consolidation

Parameter which relates the degree of consolidation to time from the start of consolidation.

Paramètre qui relie le degré de consolidation au temps écoulé depuis le début de la consolidation.

creep coefficient

The ratio of the change in height to the inital height over one log cycle of time during the secondary compression phase.

Rapport entre la variation de hauteur et la hauteur initiale de l’éprouvette au cours de la compression secondaire.

swelling index cg

Gradient of the linear portion of the void ratio versus the logarithm of vertical effective stress curve, during unloading.

Pente de la courbe oedométrique (indice de vides en fonction du logarithme de la contrainte verticale effective), lors du déchargement.

swelling pressure

Vertical pressure necessary to maintain a constant volume (i.e to prevent absorption of water) when a soil is saturated.

Pression nécessaire pour maintenir un volume constant (c’est-à-dire pour empêcher l’absorption d’eau) dans un sol saturé.

pressuremeter test parameters

menard limit pressure

Pressure that characterizes the failure of the soil during the Ménard pressuremeter test. It corresponds conventionally to the pressure that leads to double the volume of the tested cavity.

Pression caractérisant la rupture du sol lors de l’essai pressiométrique Ménard. Par convention, elle correspond à la pression qui entraine le doublement du volume de la cavité initiale.

net limit pressure

Ménard limit pressure to which the total horizontal stress at tested depth is substracted.

Pression limite de l’essai pressiométrique à laquelle on déduit la contrainte totale horizontale à la profondeur de l’essai.

menard creep pressure

Pressure that characterizes the limit between the pseudo-elastic eand the plastic behaviour of the soil, during the Ménard pressuremeter test.

Pression caractérisant la limite entre le comportement élastique et le comportement plastique du sol, lors de l’essai pressiométrique.

net creep pressure

Ménard creep pressure to which the total horizontal stress at tested depth is substracted.

Pression de fluage à laquelle on déduit la contrainte horizontale totale à la profondeur de l’essai

menard pressuremeter modulus

Deformation modulus during the pseudo-elastic phase of the Ménard pressuremeter test.

Module de déformation du sol mesuré lors de l’essai pressiométrique pendant la phase pseudo-élastique de l’essai.

Static penetration test parameters

cone resistance

Ratio of the axial load Qc divided by the total area of the cone basis Ac.

Rapport de la force axiale mesurée Qc divisée par l’aire totale de la base du cône Ac.

sleeve friction

The sleeve friction is determined by the force required to push the sleeve through the soil

Frottement latéral mesuré sur le manchon

friction ratio

Ratio of the lateral side friction divided by the cone resistance, both measured at the same depth.

Rapport entre le frottement latéral mesuré sur le manchon et la résistance de pointe, les deux étant réalisés à la même profondeur.

piezocone pore pressure

Fluid pressure measured in the filter element placed an the cone basis, during the cone penetration.

Pression mesurée dans l’élément filtrant au cours des essais de pénétration au cône.

Dynamic penetration test parameters

N value

Value of a Standard Penetration Test (SPT) defined as the number of blows exerted by the hammer to achieve a penetration of the last 30 cm, on a total penetration of 45 cm.

Nombre de coups de battage d’un carottier SPT pour s’enfoncer des 30 derniers cm, lors d’une passe de 45 cm.

N60

Calculated value that corrects the value of the Standard Penetration Blow Count (N-value), to account for energy of the hammer (specifically normalized to 60% energy).

Valeur calculée qui corrige la valeur du nombre de coups de pénétration standard (valeur N), pour tenir compte de l’énergie du marteau (spécifiquement normalisée à 60 % d’énergie).

N1,60

Calculated value that corrects the value of the Standard Penetration Blow Count (N), to account for energy of the hammer (specifically normalized to 60% energy) and specific overburden conditions (specifically to an overburden stress of 1 ton per square foot).

Valeur calculée qui corrige la valeur du nombre de coups de pénétration standard (N), pour tenir compte de l’énergie du marteau (spécifiquement normalisée à 60 % d’énergie) et des conditions de surcharger spécifiques (en particulier pour une contrainte de surcharger de 1 tonne par pied carré).

first increment spt number of blows n1

Number of blows exerted by the hammer to achieve a penetration of a first increment of 15 cm.

Nombre de coups de battage d’un carottier SPT pour s’enfoncer d’un premier incrément de 15 cm

second increment spt number of blows n2

Number of blows exerted by the hammer to achieve a penetration of a second increment of 15 cm.

Nombre de coups de battage d’un carottier SPT pour s’enfoncer d’un deuxième incrément de 15 cm

third increment spt number of blows

Number of blows exerted by the hammer to achieve a penetration of a third increment of 15 cm.

Nombre de coups de battage d’un carottier SPT pour s’enfoncer d’un troisième incrément de 15 cm

driveset blowcount

Number of blows exerted by the hammer in this driveset to achieve a given penetration into the soil

driveset penetration

Penetraton distance into the soil that is achieved given a specific driveset blowcount

driveset index

A number that defines the specific increment number for a driveset, which consist of a blowcount paired with the penetration achieved. The first driveset has an index of 1, the second, 2 and so on.

Rock mechanics parameters

unconfined compressive strength

Ratio between the force applied during fracture of the cylindrical test piece and the area of the cross section determined before the test

Rapport entre la force appliquée lors de la rupture de l’éprouvette cylindrique et l’aire de la section transversale déterminée avant essai

young modulus

The Young modulus is the ratio between the normal stress and the axial strain in a linear elastic and isotropic medium.

Le module d’Young est le rapport entre la contrainte normale et la déformation axiale, dans un matériau élastique linéaire isotrope.

poisson coefficient

The Poisson’s ratio is a measure of the deformation of a material in direction perpendicular to the specific direction of loading.

Le coefficient de Poisson est le rapport entre la déformation latérale et la déformation dans l’axe du chargement

tensile strength (brazilian test)

Ratio between the force applied during fracture of the cylindrical test piece and the area of the cross section determined before the test. It is an indirect measurement of tensile strength.

Rapport entre l’effort de compression appliqué le long d’un diamètre d’une éprouvette cylindrique, et la surface du plan de rupture.

tensile strength (franklin point load test)

Ratio between the punctual force applied on both sides of a cylindrical test piece and the area of the cross section determined before the test. It is an indirect measurement of tensile strength.

Rapport entre l’effort de compression ponctuel de part et d’autre du diamètre d’une éprouvette cylindrique, et la surface du plan de rupture. Il s’agit d’une mesure indirecte de résistance à la traction.

hoek & brown coefficient mi

Constant introduced by Hoek & Brown ranging from 4 (for some clayey rocks) to more than 30 (for igneous and some metamorphic rocks), used in the Hoek & Brown parabolic failure criterion.

Constante introduite par Hoek 1 Brown, variant entre 4 (pour les roches argileuses) et plus de 30 (pour les roches ignées et métamorphiques), utilisée dans le critère de rupture de Hoek & Brown.

hardness (cerchar)

Index characterising the resistance to penetration of a rock by a drill bit under standard test conditions.

Indice traduisant la résistance à la pénétration d’un foret dans une roche sous des conditions de chargement normalisées

abrasivity index (cerchar)

Index characterinsing the ability of a rock to cause wear of cutting tool.

Indice caractérisant la capacité d’une roche à causer l’usure des outils de coupe du rocher.

los angeles index

Index characterising the fragmentability of a rock material under mechanical actions. Percentage of the initial sample reduced to a size less than 1.6mm during its rotation in a cylinder loaded with steel balls

Indice traduisant la fragmentabilité d’une roche sous l’effet d’une usure mécanique. Il correspond au rapport de la masse initiale d’un échantillon de roche sur la masse des fragments de moins de 1,6 mm de diamètre, produit par la rotation de l’échantillon dans un cylindre rempli de billes d’acier.

micro-deval index

Index characterising the fragmentability of a rock material under mechanical actions. Percentage of the initial sample reduced to a size less than 1.6mm during its rotation in a cylinder loaded with an abrasive charge

Indice traduisant la fragmentatibilité d’une roche sous l’effet d’une usure mécanique. Il correspond au rapport de la masse initiale d’un échantillon de roche sur la masse des fragments de moins de 1,6 mm de diamètre, produit par la rotation de l’échantillon dans un cylindre avec une charge abrasive.

core recovery

Ratio in percent of the length of core recovered to the total length of the core drilled on a given run.

Rapport en pourcent de la longueur de carotte récupérée à la sortie du carottier sur la longueur de la passe de carottage.

rqd rock quality designation

The cumulative length of cores with a length greater than 10 cm, divided by the total length of the core pass with a length greater than or equal to 1m, in percent.

Longueur cumulée des tronçons de carottes de longueur supérieure à 10cm, divisée par la longueur totale de la passe carottée de longueur supérieure ou égale à 1m, exprimée en pourcent.

weathering grade

Level of weathering of a rock mass determined by visual observation, on a scale between I (sound rock) to VI (completely weathered rock - residual soil).

Niveau d’altération d’un massif rocheux déterminé par observation visuelle, sur une échelle de I (roche saine) à VI (roche totalement décomposée - sol résiduel)

gsi : geological strength index

Empirical index introduced by E.Hoek, derived from the RMR and Barton-Q indices, and that characterises the quality of the rock mass.

Indice empirique introduit par E.Hoek déterminé à partir des indices RMR et Q-Barton, permettant de caractériser la qualité du massif rocheux.

rmr : rock mass rating

Index developped by Bieniawski, to provide an quantitative estimate of the quality of a rock mass. RMR is equal to the sum of the six following ratings : 1. Strength of intact rock rating 2. RQD rating 3. Spacing of discontinuities rating 4. Conditions of dicontinuities rating 5 . Groundwater condition rating 6. Adjustment for orientation of discontinuities Bieniawski (1989)

Indice proposé par Bieniawski, permettant de fournir une évaluation quantitative de la qualité d’un massif rocheux. Le RMR est la somme des six notes suivantes : 1. Note “résistance de la matrice rocheuse” 2. Note RQD 3. Note “espacement des discontinuités” 4. Note “Conditions des dicontinuités” 5. Note “Conditions hydrauliques” 6. Ajustement selon l’orientation des discontinuités. Bieniawski (1989)

q-barton index

Index introduced by Barton, tha tprovides an quantitative estimate of the quality of rock mass. It is calculated from 6 parameters : . Le RQD . Jn : Joint set number . Jr Joint roughness number . Ja : Joint alteration number . Jw : Joint water reduction factor . SRF : Stress reduction factor

Indice introduit par Barton qui fournit une estimation quantitative de la qualité du massif rocheux à partir de 6 paramètres : . Le RQD . Jn : Joint set number . Jr Joint roughness number . Ja : Joint alteration number . Jw : Joint water reduction factor . SRF : Stress reduction factor

discontinuity

In rock mechanics, any mechanical crack or fissure in a rock mass having a null or a much lower strength than the rock matrix.

En mécanique des roches, toute fissure ou joint au sein d’un massif rocheux ayant une résistance nulle ou faible comparativement à la résistance de la matrice rocheuse.

type of discontinuity set

Type of the discontinuity set, for example : bedding plane, schistosity, etc.

Type de discontinuité. Par exemple : joint de stratification, diaclase, schistosité, etc.

strike

The geographic direction of the discontinuity plane in space with respect to the North.

Direction géographique d’une ligne créée par l’intersection du plan de la discontinuité avec le plan horizontal.

dip angle

The angle that a rock unit, fault or other structure makes with a horizontal plane. The angle is measured in a plane perpendicular to the strike of the rock structure.

Angle d’une surface (formation géologique, faille, ou autre structure) avec le plan horizontal. Sa mesure est celle du plongement de la ligne de plus grande pente de cette surface.

spacing

The perpendicular distance between adjacent dicontinuities in a set.

Distance entre deux discontinuités les plus proches d’une même famille mesurée perpendiculairement à celles-ci.

interval between discontinuity (id index)

The mean of the intact rock legnth between successive discontinuities along a survey line whose length and orientation must be recorded.

Moyenne des intervalles découpés par les discontinuités successives le long d’une ligne de mesure, dont il convient de préciser la longueur et l’orientation.

extension

The total area of the discontinuity in all directions.

L’extension ou la persistence des discontnuités correspond à la surface totale de la discontinuité dans l’espace.

aperture

Size of the gap between the joint walls of the discontinuity, measured perpendicularly to the joint plane

Distance entre épontes comptée perpendiculairement au plan de discontinuité.

roughness

Qualifies the surface irregularities on the joint walls of a discontinuity, from very rough to slickensided.

La rugosité qualifie les irrégularités de surface des épontes d’une discontinuité. Elle varie de : surface très rugueuse à lustrée.

joint roughness coefficient (jrc)

Dimensionless coefficient relating to joint roughness and size, ranked in ascending order from 0 for a flat smooth discontinuity to 20 for a wavy rough discontinuity, according to Barton’s standard profiles (1977).

Coefficient sans dimension relié à la rugosité et à la taille des épontes ; il varie entre 0 (pour une discontinuité planne et lisse) à 20 (pour une discontinuité ondulée et rugueuse), selon la classification établie par Barton (1977).

infill

The nature of the material filling the discontinuity or coating the walls.

Nature du matériau de remplissage ou de l’enduit des épontes.

shear strength

Value of the shear stress at failure. For a discontinuity, the shear strength is usually expressed by the Coulomb criterion τ = c + σ.tgϕ, with c, the cohesion, and ϕ, the friction angle.

Valeur de la contrainte de cisaillement à la rupture. Pour une discontinuité, la résistance au cisaillement est exprimée par le critère de Coulomb : τ = c + σ.tgϕ, avec c, la cohésion, et ϕ, l’angle de frottement.

cohesion

Shear stress at failure, for a normal stress equal to zero. For a discontinuity, appraent cohesion which does not express an intrisic property of the joint wall material but the influence of irregularites in the walls on shear behaviour.

Contrainte de cisaillement à la rupture pour une contrainte normale nulle. Pour une discontinuité, il s’agit d’une cohésion apparente et non une propriété intrinsèque du materiau de remplissage du joint, cette cohésion caractérisant l’influence des irrégularités de surfaces des épontes.

friction angle

Friction angle of the discontinuity that depends on the rock nature, the roughness of joint walls and the weathering grade on the walls.

Angle de frottement du joint dépendant de la nature pétrographique, de la rugosité de la surface et du dégré d’altération des épontes.

normal stiffness

In an uniaxial compression tests on joints oriented perpendicular to the direction of load application, slope of the curve of normal stress versus normal displacement, .

Lors d’un essai de compression simple, dirigé perpendiculairement au joint de discontinuité, pente de la courbe de la contrainte normale en fonction du déplacement normal.

tangential stiffness

In a shear test on joints, slope of the curve of tangential stress versus tangential displacement.

Lors d’un essai de cisaillement direct le long d’une discontinuité, pente de la courbe contrainte tangentielle en fonction du déplacement tangentiel.

compression wave velocity

Ratio of the propagation time of a compression wave in an elastic body medium between two points divided by the distance between these points

Rapport de la durée de propagation d’une onde de compression entre deux points dans un milieu élastique, divisé par la distance entre ces deux points

shear wave velocity

Ratio of the propagation time of a shear wave in an elastic body medium between two points divided by the distance between these points

Rapport de la durée de propagation d’une onde de cisaillement entre deux poinst dans un milieu élastique, divisé par la distance entre ces deux points

Geo-hydraulics parameters

darcy’s permeability

Parameter that characterizes the ability of a porous (continous) medium to be crossed by a fluid, to a flow from the same direction

Paramètre caractérisant l’aptitude d’un milieu poreux (continu) à se laisser traverser par un fluide, vis-à-vis d’un flux de même direction.

intrinsic permeability

Parameter characterizing a porous medium isotropic, which measures its permeability to a homogeneous fluid arbitrary, regardless of the characteristics of the fluid. Volume of kinematic viscosity unit fluid flowing through in a unit of time, under the effect of a unit of potential gradient, one unit surface orthogonal to the direction of flow. It can be expressed in darcy s

Paramètre caractérisant un milieu poreux isotrope, qui mesure sa perméabilité vis-à-vis d’un fluide homogène quelconque, indépendamment des caractéristiques du fluide. Volume de fluide d’unité de viscosité cinématique qui traverse en une unité de temps, sous l’effet d’une unité de gradient de potentiel, une unité de surface orthogonale à la direction du flux. ll est exprimable en darcy s.

packer test - lugeon unit

1 Lugeon unit is equivalent to 1 liter of water flow per meter of tested zone, per minute, under a pressure of 1 MPa.

1 unité Lugeon équivaut à 1 litre d’eau prélevé par mètre de longueur d’essai, par minute, sous une pression de 1 MPa.

transmissivity

Parameter governing the flow of water flowing per unit width of the saturated zone of a continuous aquifer (measured in a direction orthogonal to that of flow), and per unit of hydraulic gradient

Paramètre régissant le débit d’eau qui s’écoule par unité de largeur de la zone saturée d’un aquifère continu (mesurée selon une direction orthogonale à celle de l’écoulement), et par unité de gradient hydraulique.

storage coefficient

Ratio of the volume of water released or stored per unit area of an aquifer, to the corresponding charge in hydraulic head, without reference to time

Rapport du volume d’eau libérée ou emmagasinée par unité de surface d’un aquifère, à la variation de charge hydraulique correspondante, sans référence au temps (ou en un temps illimité).

specific storage coefficient

Volume of water released or stored per unit area of an aquifer, to the corresponding charge in hydraulic head, without reference to time

Volume d’eau libérée ou emmagasinée par unité de volume du milieu aquifère, par unité de variation de charge hydraulique correspondante, sans référence au temps.

piezometric level

Upper level of the static liquid column that balances the hydrostatic pressure at the point to which it relates. It is materialized by the free level of the water in a vertical tube open at th epoint considered (piezometer).

Niveau supérieur de la colonne liquide statique qui équilibre la pression hydrostatique au point auquel elle se rapporte. Il est matérialisé par le niveau libre de l’eau dans un tube vertical ouvert au point considéré (piézomètre).

OGC OMS

MaterialSample

A MaterialSample is a physical, tangible Sample.

IFC

MaterialSample

Same as OGC OMS

AGS

SAMP

SAMP includes information for both the sample and the sampling activity

DIGGS

Sample

A material sample, either solid, fluid, or gas that is obtained as a result of a sampling activity, for the purpose of observation and/or testing. This is a concrete representation of AbstractSample, which serves as the head of a substitution group for this and other sample specialties.

DIGGS

TrialGroutBatch

A specialization of Sample that also contains properties describing the characteristics of a batch of grout developed for testing to determine a grout design mix.

DIGGS

GroutBatch

A specialization of Sample that contains properties describing the characteristics of a batch of grout used for production purposes. This object must reference a DesignGroutMix object defined within the GroutingProgram feature.

DIGGS

AbstractSpecimen

AbstractSpecimen serves as the head of a substitution group for specimen specializations based on state or type: eg. soil, liquid, gas, rock. A specimen derives from one or more samples, is created as part of a test procedure, and exists only in the context of the test procedure that creates it.

DIGGS

GroutSpecimen

A specialization of a specimen that describes the physical conditions of a grout or concrete sample subjected to testing.

DIGGS

FluidSpecimen

A specialization of a specimen that describes the physical conditions of a fluid sample or samples subjected to testing.

DIGGS

RockSpecimen

A specialization of a specimen that describes the physical conditions of a rock sample or samples subjected to testing.

DIGGS

SoilSpecimen

A specialization of a specimen that describes the physical conditions of a soil sample or samples subjected to testing.

intermalIdentifier

The value of this property is the identifier originally created by the authority for this feature, or that is used as the identifier in the authority’s internal data management system. There is no assumption as to the unique scope or persistence of this identifier. In cases where the original or internal identifier does not meet the semantic requirements or gml:id or gml:identifier, the internal identifier may be included in this property in order for the originating authority to “map back” the identifier to an internal data management system. The codeSpace attribute must be populated to identify the authority that uses the internalIdentifier value.

chainOfCustodyEvent

Contains information on the chain-of-custody for the sample

relatedSample

Another Sample the context Sample is related to

purpose

status

A text string to provide information about the status of the object to be used to track QA/QC controls, review or release status, etc. The values used are intended to come from a controlled list of terms maintained by an organization.

role

Identifies a specific role or task performed that is associated with this specific feature, the person or organization that performed the role, and associated time frame, if applicable.

classification

A definition of the class of sample collected or produced, such assoil, rock, fluid, etc.)

sampleType

Type of sample. Shall refer to a codelist.

size

The size describes a physical extent of the MaterialSample.

sampleWeight

Weight of the sample following collection or production and prior to any subsampling or specimen preparation

sampleVolume

Volume of the sample following collection or production and prior to any subsampling or specimen preparation

sampleDimensions

For solid soil or rock samples, contains properties of the sample dimensions

samplingActivityRef

A reference to a sampling activity that is associated with this feature.

sampledFeatureRef

A reference to the sampled object (if any).

metadata

Identifies external files associated with this feature. This allows for the feature to be further elaborated with information that cannot be represented by ASCII text, such as a photograph or other media, binary data, or a formatted report.

extrusionMethod

Method by which the sample is removed from its sampler.

sourceLocation

The sourceLocation is the location from where the MaterialSample was obtained.

sampler

a device or entity (including humans) that is used by, or implements, a SamplingProcedure to create or transform one or more Sample(s).

SampleDepthRange

Top and bottom depths where a sample was retrieved

OGC OMS

Sampling

Sampling is an act applying a SamplingProcedure to create or transform one or more Sample(s).

OGC OMS

SamplingProcedure

Sampling Procedure is a description of steps performed by a Sampler in order to extract a Sample from its sampledFeature in the frame of a Sampling.

OGC OMS

PreparationProcedure

Sampling is an act applying a SamplingProcedure to create or transform one or more Sample(s).

AGS

SAMP

SAMP includes information for both the sample and the sampling activity

DIGGS

SamplingActivity

The action taken to obtain or produce material samples even if the activity fails to produce a sample (eg. a core run that produces no recovery). The activity type must be specified, and indicates if the produced sample(s) are a result of collection at a sampling feature, sub-sampling, aggregation of two or more samples, or a sample created as a test or blank sample. All samples must refer to a SamplingActivity feature. SamplingActivity is restricted to the collection or creation of a new material sample, or a subsampling or aggregation of existing collected or created samples. The activity of transforming a material sample into a specimen that is being tested is described in the preparationProcedure property of a specimen object that derives from an existing material sample.

DIGGS

AbstractSpecimen

AbstractSpecimen serves as the head of a substitution group for specimen specializations based on state or type: eg. soil, liquid, gas, rock. A specimen derives from one or more samples, is created as part of a test procedure, and exists only in the context of the test procedure that creates it.

intermalIdentifier

The value of this property is the identifier originally created by the authority for this feature, or that is used as the identifier in the authority’s internal data management system. There is no assumption as to the unique scope or persistence of this identifier. In cases where the original or internal identifier does not meet the semantic requirements or gml:id or gml:identifier, the internal identifier may be included in this property in order for the originating authority to “map back” the identifier to an internal data management system. The codeSpace attribute must be populated to identify the authority that uses the internalIdentifier value.

samplingFeatureRef

Pointer to the associated sampling feature object (eg. borehole, etc.

sourceSampleRef

A reference to a sample or samples that are used to create the sample(s) (identified in the sampleProduced property) produced by this activity. This element is only used for activities that subsample or aggregate samples from other samples. For aggregate samples, the percentage attribute optionally defines how much of the total new sample is composed from the source sample.

status

A text string to provide information about the status of the object to be used to track QA/QC controls, review or release status, etc. The values used are intended to come from a controlled list of terms maintained by an organization.

role

Identifies a specific role or task performed that is associated with this specific feature, the person or organization that performed the role, and associated time frame, if applicable.

activityType

A controlled list that indicates the classification of sampling activity. Can be used by applications to validate other activity info. One of the following strings must be used:collect - activity created a sample or samples by collection from a sampling feature;aggregate - activity created a sample or samples by aggregating existing samples; the associated Sample(s) should contain more than one sourceSampleRef;subsample - activity created a sample or samples by subsampling an existing sample; only one sourceSampleRef should be specified for the related Sample(s);test - activity produced a test, standard or blank sample that does not relate to any field sample or sampling feature; activity will point to a project but no sourceSampleRef nor samplingFeatureRef should be specified for the associated Sample(s);none - the sample activity failed to produce any physical sample;unknown - used where no information about the sampling activity exists (eg. for legacy data where only sample name or label and location (depth) exists).

purpose

Purpose for this activity. This is an uncontrolled string that describes the test or tests that are intended to be run on the sample(s) generated from this activity.

samplingDate

The date/time that encompasses the entire time over which sampling occurred.

associatedFile

Identifies external files associated with this feature. This allows for the feature to be further elaborated with information that cannot be represented by ASCII text, such as a photograph or other media, binary data, or a formatted report.

samplingEquipment

A property element that contains a generic or specialized Equipment object (or reference to one) that details the sampling equipment used

samplingMethod

A property that contains a Specification object detailing the method of sampling

coringPushPressure

For coring activities, the push pressure reported as a single value

coringPushPressureMin

For reporting coring push pressure as a range, this property holds the minimum pressure value.

coringPushPressureMax

For reporting coring push pressure as a range, this property holds the maximum pressure value.

samplerInsertionMethod

For sampling of soil or rock, the means by which the sampler is inserted into the ground. From a controlled list (eg. pushed, driven, etc.

mixingTime

For sampling activities that involve blending samples in aggregation (such as soil-cement mixtures), this property carries the time duration to mix the sample together.

sampleProduced

Identifies the samples, and the time and location(s) of samples (optional) that are produced by this sampling activity

solidCoreRecoveryLength

For rock cores, the sum of the lengths of solid, cylindrical, core pieces

lengthLongestPortion

For rock cores, the Length of the longest solid, cylindrical core piece of the sample

rockQualityDesignationLength

For rock cores, the sum of length of core pieces that are > 100 mm (4 inches) measured along the centerline

samplingEnvironment

Contains a component object that is a collection of environmental parameters recorded at a specific time instant during the sampling.

totalSampleRecoveryLength

For soil or rock cores, this property is the length of the total amount of sample recovered during the activity. If no sample is recovered, this value is 0.

otherSamplingActivityProperty

A property that contains a Parameter object whereby ancillary metadata about the sampling activity can be reported as name-value pairs

samplingLocation

Location of the sampling activity

OGC EPOS

ModelView

Simplified view of a Model. A model is defined as the result of geoscience data processing or interpretation. Proposing either a spatial distribution of geoscientific objects with properties of interest (feature) or attempt of retranscribing natural/man-made behavior through mathematical functions or algorithms (process).

IFC

AGSi

agsiModel

A digital geometric (1D, 2D or 3D) representation of the ground. There are potentially many different types of model covering different categories (conceptual, observational, analytical) and domains (geological, geotechnical, hydrogeological, geoenvironmental, etc.).

OGC GeoSciML

GeologicUnit

Conceptually, a GeologicUnit may represent a body of material in the Earth whose complete and precise extent is inferred to exist (e.g., North American Data Model GeologicUnit, Stratigraphic unit in the sense of NACSN, or International Stratigraphic Code ), or a classifier used to characterize parts of the Earth (e.g., lithologic map unit like ‘granitic rock’ or ‘alluvial deposit’, surficial units like ‘till’ or ‘old alluvium’). It includes both formal units (i.e., formally adopted and named in an official lexicon) and informal units (i.e., named but not promoted to a lexicon) and unnamed units (i.e., recognizable, described and delineable in the field but not otherwise formalized). In simpler terms, a geologic unit is a package of earth material (generally rock).

IFC

GeologicUnit

Same as OGC GeoSciML

DIGGS

StratigraphyObservation

Descriptions of ordered bodies of rock or soil, such as formations, biostratigraphic units or aquifers.

AGSi

agsiModelElement

In AGSi a model is collection of elements (agsiModelElement object) and this may include geological units, identified as such (or as a specialization) using the elementType attribute.

BRGM

Registry

https://data.geoscience.fr/ncl/GeolUnitType

This register lists all the geologic units.

CGI

Registry

https://cgi.vocabs.ga.gov.au/object?uri=http%3A//resource.geosciml.org/classifier/cgi/geologicunittype

This register lists all the geologic units.

Identifier

The identifier should have the same value as the corresponding GeoSciML MappedFeature identifier, if available.

Name

name is a display name for the GeologicUnit.

Description

description is a description of the GeologicUnit, typically taken from an entry on a geological map legend.

geologicUnitType

geologicUnitType contains the type of GeologicUnit (as defined in GeoSciML). To report an identifier from a controlled vocabulary, geologicUnitType_uri shall be used.

rank

rank contains the rank of GeologicUnit (as defined by ISC. e.g., group, formation, member).

representativeLithology

description of the GeologicUnit’s lithology, possibly formatted with formal syntax (see 8.9.2.3). The description can be language-dependent. To report an identifier from a controlled vocabulary, representativeLithology_uri shall be used.

representativeAge

description of the age of the GeologicUnit (where age is a sequence of events and may include process and environment information). To report an identifier from a controlled vocabulary, representativeAge_uri, representativeOlderAge_uri, representativeYoungerAge_uri shall be used.

numericOlderAge

a numerical representation of the unit’s older age in million years (Ma).

numericYoungerAge

a numerical representation (Primitive::Number) of the unit’s younger age in million years (Ma).

observationMethod

a metadata snippet indicating how the spatial extent of the feature was determined. ObservationMethod is a convenience property that provides a simple approach to observation metadata when data are reported using a feature view (as opposed to observation view).

source

If present, the property source:Primitive::CharacterString is human readable text describing feature-specific details and citations to source materials, and if available provides URLs to reference material and publications describing the geologic feature. This could be a short text synopsis of key information that would also be in the metadata record referenced by metadata_uri.

metadata_uri

If present, the property metadata_uri:Primitive::CharacterString contains a URI referring to a metadata record describing the provenance of data.

shape

The property shape:GEO::GM_Object contains a geometry defining the extent of the feature of interest.

positionalAccuracy

If present, the property positionalAccuracy:Primitive::CharacterString is a quantitative value (a numerical value and a unit of length) defining the radius of an uncertainty buffer around a MappedFeature (e.g., a positionalAccuracy of 100 m for a line feature defines a buffer polygon of total width 200 m centred on the line).

GeolFormation

ISO14689:2017

FaciesLithostratigraphy

The characteristics of a rock or a sediment unit that reflect its environment of deposition and allow it to be distinguished from rock or sediment deposited in an adjacent environment.

FaciesPetrophysics

A rock mass that can be recognized by its composition, structures or fossil content and mapped on the basis of those characteristics.

OGC GeoSciML

ShearDisplacementStructure

A shear displacement structure includes all brittle to ductile style structures along which displacement has occurred, from a simple, single ‘planar’ brittle or ductile surface to a fault system comprised of tens of strands of both brittle and ductile nature. This structure may have some significant thickness (a deformation zone) and have an associated body of deformed rock that may be considered a deformation unit (which geologicUnitType is ‘DeformationUnit’) which can be associated to the ShearDisplacementStructure using GeologicFeatureRelation from the GeoSciML Extension package.

IFC

Fault

Same as OGC

AGSi

agsiModelElement

In AGSi a model is collection of elements (agsiModelElement object) and this may include elements representing geological structure such as faults, identified as such using the elementType attribute.

identifier

Globally unique identifier:Primitive::CharacterString shall uniquely identifies a tuple within the dataset and be formatted as an absolute URI conformant to RFC 3986.

name

name contains a display name for the ShearDisplacementStructure.

description

description contains a human readable text description of the ShearDisplacementStructure, typically taken from an entry on a geological map legend.

faultType

faultType contains a human readable description of the type of ShearDisplacementStructure (as defined in GeoSciML). To report an identifier from a controlled vocabulary, faultType_uri shall be used.

movementType

movementType contains a human readable summary of the type of movement (e.g., dip-slip, strike-slip) on the ShearDisplacementStructure. To report an identifier from a controlled vocabulary, movementType_uri shall be used.

deformationStyle

deformationStyle contain a human readable description of the style of deformation (e.g., brittle, ductile etc.) for the ShearDisplacementStructure. To report an identifier from a controlled vocabulary, deformationStyle_uri shall be used.

displacement

displacement contains a text summarizing the displacement across the ShearDisplacementStructure.

geologicHistory

geologicHistory contains a text, possibly formatted with formal syntax, describing the age of the ShearDisplacementStructure (where age is a sequence of events and may include process and environment information).

observationMethod

observationMethod contains a metadata snippet indicating how the spatial extent of the feature was determined. ObservationMethod is a convenience property that provides a quick and dirty approach to observation metadata when data are reported using a feature view (as opposed to observation view).

numericOlderAge

numericOlderAge reports the older age of the fault/shear structure, represented million years (Ma).

numericYoungerAge

numericYoungerAge reports the younger age of the fault/shear structure, represented million years (Ma).

source

source contains a text describing feature-specific details and citations to source materials, and if available providing URLs to reference material and publications describing the geologic feature. This could be a short text synopsis of key information that would also be in the metadata record referenced by metadata_uri.

metadata_uri

If present, the property metadata_uri:Primitive::CharacterString contains a URI referring to a metadata record describing the provenance of data.

shape

The property shape:GM_Object contains a geometry defining the extent of the feature of interest.

positionalAccuracy

If present, the property positionAccuracy:Primitive::CharacterString contains quantitative representation defining the radius of an uncertainty buffer around a MappedFeature (e.g., a positionalAccuracy of 100 m for a line feature defines a buffer polygon of total width 200 m centred on the line).

FaultActivity

Qualitative rating of the fault activity. A fault that has slipped in historic time and which is likely to slip again in the future.

FaultAperture

GT1R1A1

FaultLength

Fault length (L) is the longest horizontal or subhorizontal dimension along the fault plane

FaultDepth

Fault depth is the depth where no further relative displacement is recorded

FaultInfilling

Substance interspersed between the wall surfaces of a discontinuity (JGS) generally, the material occupying the space between joint surfaces, faults, and other rock discontinuities. The filling material may be clay, gouge, various natural cementing agents, or alteration products of the adjacent rock.(ASTM, ISRM)

DipDirection

The geographic direction of a line created by the intersection of a plane and the horizontal plane. If non specific convention is used, this angular value is in the range 0 to 18 degrees. In this case, there is an ambiguity on the dip orientation. For example, a plane with an orientation of 90 degrees from the north could either have a dip direction to the North or to the South. Thus, to avoid this ambiguity, a strike value is generally completed with an indication of the dip orientation (Quadrant).

FaultSlipDirection

Observed relative displacement direction of the hanging wall (top) to the footwall, e.g., up. Down, left, right or combinations (like top down - left)

FaultPitchAngle

angle between the strike of the slip surface and the slip vector (striation)

FaultThrow

the vertical displacement between the Hanging wall and Footwall

FaultHeave

the horizontal displacement between the Hanging wall and Footwall.

FaultOffset

The horizontal displacement between points on either side of a fault, which can range from millimeters to kilometers.

FaultDipSeparation

offset of beds parallel to fault

FaultStrikeSeparation

offset of beds parallel to dip

OGC GeoSciML

Contact

A contact is a general concept representing any kind of surface separating two geologic units, including primary boundaries such as depositional contacts, all kinds of unconformities, intrusive contacts, and gradational contacts, as well as faults that separate geologic units.

IFC

Contact

Same as OGC GeoSciML

identifier

Globally unique identifier:Primitive::CharacterString shall uniquely identifies a tuple within the dataset and be formatted as an absolute URI conformant to RFC 3986.

name

name reports the display name for the Contact.

description

description reports the description of the Contact, typically taken from an entry on a geological map legend.

contactType

contactType reports the type of Contact (as defined in GeoSciML) as a human readable label. To report an identifier from a controlled vocabulary, contactType_uri shall be used.

observationMethod

observationMethod reports a metadata snippet indicating how the spatial extent of the feature was determined. ObservationMethod is a convenience property that provides a quick and simple approach to observation metadata when data are reported using a feature view (as opposed to observation view).

positionalAccuracy

positionalAccuracy reports quantitative values defining the radius of an uncertainty buffer around a MappedFeature (e.g., a positionalAccuracy of 100 m for a line feature defines a buffer polygon of total width 200 m centred on the line).

source

source contains a text describing feature-specific details and citations to source materials, and if available providing URLs to reference material and publications describing the contact feature. This could be a short text synopsis of key information that would also be in the metadata record referenced by metadata_uri.

metadata_uri

metadata_uri reports a URI referring to a metadata record describing the provenance of data.

genericSymbolizer

genericSymbolizer contains an identifier for a symbol from standard (locally or community defined) symbolization scheme for portrayal.

Shape

The property shape:GM_Object contains a geometry defining the extent of the contact feature.

DipDirection

The geographic direction of a line created by the intersection of a plane and the horizontal plane. If non specific convention is used, this angular value is in the range 0 to 18 degrees. In this case, there is an ambiguity on the dip orientation. For example, a plane with an orientation of 90 degrees from the north could either have a dip direction to the North or to the South. Thus, to avoid this ambiguity, a strike value is generally completed with an indication of the dip orientation (Quadrant).

OGC GeoSciML

Fold

A fold is formed by one or more systematically curved layers, surfaces, or lines in a rock body. A fold denotes a structure formed by the deformation of a geologic structure, such as a contact which the original undeformed geometry is presumed, to form a structure that may be described by the translation of an abstract line (the fold axis) parallel to itself along some curvilinear path (the fold profile). Folds have a hinge zone (zone of maximum curvature along the surface) and limbs (parts of the deformed surface not in the hinge zone). Folds are described by an axial surface, hinge line, profile geometry, the solid angle between the limbs, and the relationships between adjacent folded surfaces if the folded structure is a Layering fabric.

IFC

Fold

Same as OGC GeoSciML

profileType

FoldProfileType contains a term from a controlled vocabulary specifying the concave/convex geometry of fold relative to earth surface, and relationship to younging direction in folded strata if known. (e.g., antiform, synform, neutral, anticline, syncline, monocline, ptygmatic).

amplitude

The amplitude property reports the length from line segment connecting inflection points on adjacent fold limbs to the intervening fold hinge.

axialSurfaceOrientation

The property axialSurfaceOrientation is used to characterize the geometry of a fold. The axial surface of a particular fold may be located based on observations of the folded geologic structure, but in general it has no direct physical manifestations. As a geologic surface, it has geometric properties, including orientation, which may be specified by observations at one or more locations, or generalized using terminology (upright, inclined, reclined, recumbent, overturned). Dip and Dip Direction are one approach to specifying the value.

geneticModel

The property geneticModel contains a term from a controlled vocabulary describing the specification of genetic model for fold, e.g., flexural slip, parallel.

hingeLineCurvature

The hingeLineCurvature property contains a term from a controlled vocabulary that describes the variation in orientation of fold hinge along trend of fold, distinguishing sheath from cylindrical folds (e.g., sheath, dome, basin, cylindrical.).

hingeLineOrientation

The property hingeLineOrientation reports the specification of the hinge line orientation for fold. GSML_LinearOrientation allows for a term value specification or a numeric specification of either or both the trend and plunge of hinge line. Hinge plunge term examples: sub-vertical, steeply plunging, sub-horizontal, reclined and vertical for special cases in which hinge plunge is close to axial surface dip. 0..* cardinality allows for both a numeric specification and a term specification.

hingeShape

The property hingeShape reports a term from a controlled vocabulary describing the hinge shape, e.g., Rounded vs. angular hinge zones. This property has to do with the proportion of the wavelength that is considered part of hinge.

interLimbAngle

The property interLimbAngle contains a term from a controlled vocabulary describing the interlimb angle using a tightness term (e.g., gentle (120-180°), open (70-120°), close (30-70°), tight (10-30°), isoclinal (0-10°)).

limbShape

The limbShape property contains a term from a controlled vocabulary describing the shape of the limb (e.g., straight vs curved limbs, kink, chevron, sinusoidal, box).

span

The span property reports a value describing the linear distance between inflection points in a single fold.

symmetry

The symmetry property contains a term from a controlled vocabulary describing the concordance or discordance of bisecting surface and axial surface, or the ratio of length of limbs. The folded surface may have asymmetry defined by limb length ratio if inflection points are defined. The definition based on bisecting surface/axial surface angle depends on having multiple surfaces defined such that the axial surface may be identified (symmetric, asymmetric).

DipDirection

The geographic direction of a line created by the intersection of a plane and the horizontal plane. If non specific convention is used, this angular value is in the range 0 to 18 degrees. In this case, there is an ambiguity on the dip orientation. For example, a plane with an orientation of 90 degrees from the north could either have a dip direction to the North or to the South. Thus, to avoid this ambiguity, a strike value is generally completed with an indication of the dip orientation (Quadrant).

OGC GWML2

HydrogeoUnit

Any soil or rock unit or zone that by virtue of its hydraulic properties has a distinct influence on the storage or movement of groundwater.

IFC

HydrogeoUnit

Same as OGC GWML2

AGSi

agsiModelElement

In AGSi a model is collection of elements (agsiModelElement object) and this may include hydrogeological units, identified as such using the elementType attribute.

OGC GWML2

FluidBody

These are distinct bodies of fluid (liquid or gas) that fill the voids in hydrogeological units. Fluid bodies are made of biologic (e.g., organisms), chemical (e.g., solutes), or material constituents (e.g., sediment). While it is expected that the major constituent of a fluid body will be water, the conceptual model allows for other types of major constituents such as petroleum. Minor constituents are not necessarily fluids, but can be gases, liquids, or solids (including organisms), and are included in the fluid body in various forms of mixture, such as solution, suspension, emulsion, and precipitates. Fluid bodies can also have other fluid bodies as parts, such as plumes or gas bubbles. Surfaces can be identified on a fluid body, such as a water table, piezometric or potentiometric surface, and some such surfaces can contain divides, which are lines projected to the fluid surface denoting divergence in the direction of flow systems within the fluid.

IFC]

FluidBody

Same as OGC GWML2

AGSi

agsiModelElement

In AGSi a model is collection of elements (agsiModelElement object) and this may include fluid bodies, identified as such using the elementType attribute.

OGC GWML2

FluidBodySurface

A surface on a fluid body within a local or regional area, e.g. piezometric, potentiometric, water table, salt wedge, etc.

IFC

PiezometricWaterLevel

Same as OGC GWML2

AGSi

agsiModelElement

In AGSi a model is collection of elements (agsiModelElement object) and this may include a fluid body surface, e.g. piezometric surface, identified as such using the elementType attribute.

IFC

GeotechUnit

A surface or a volume in which the mechanical behavior and other design-relevant characteristics are characterized using the same geotechnical parameters values. Several alternative classifications (=GeotechModels) can be required in a project for different design tasks.

OGC GeoSciML

GeotechUnit (as a GeologicUnit with Type = GeotechnicalUnit)

Same as IFC 4.4+

DIGGS

GeoUnitObservation

Descriptions of a soil or rock where the unit is primarily defined by the value(s) or a value range of one or more physical or engineering properties. The criteria for distinguishing such units may vary depending on the engineering application.

AGSi

agsiModelElement

In AGSi a model is collection of elements (agsiModelElement object) and this may include geotechnical units, identified as such using the elementType attribute.

IFC

DiscreteDiscontinuity

Any interruption of the continuity in the rock material with its attendant mechanical, hydraulic and thermal properties.

OGC GeosciML

Joint

Fracture across which there is no displacement at the scale of interest.

DIGGS

DiscontinuityObservation

Descriptions of faults, fractures and joints and their spacing, with attendant mechanical and hydraulic properties.

DiscontinuityType

pattern of bedding, folds, faults and discontinuities in rock masses, which subdivide the mass into individual domains or rock blocks (ISO14689)

DipDirection

The azimuth of the dip (dip direction) shall be measured in degrees in the range 0° to 360° counted clockwise from true north and expressed as a three-digit number, e.g., 240 or 015. (ISO14689)

DipAngle

The maximum declination (dip) of the mean plane of the discontinuity from the horizontal shall be measured with the clinometer in the range 0° to 90° and should be expressed in degrees as a two-digit number, e.g., 50. (ISO14689)

DiscontinuitySpacing

The term “spacing” refers to the mean or modal spacing of a set of discontinuities and is the perpendicular distance between adjacent discontinuities. The number of discontinuity sets, the differences in spacing and the angles between the sets shall be reported as these determine the block shape. The discontinuity spacing should be measured in millimeters and can be classified using the terms in Table 8. (ISO14689)

DiscontinuityPersistence

The linear extent of discontinuities from their inception to their termination in solid rock mass or against other discontinuities or outside the exposure shall be reported. The size of the exposure shall also be recorded. If possible and appropriate, measurements should be made in two or preferably three orthogonal directions. (ISO14689)

DiscontinuityRoughness

The surface condition and the shape of discontinuities shall be described on the basis of three scales of observation, respectively, and using the terms given in Table 9 and illustrated in Figure 2:
a) small scale (several millimeters) — smooth or rough;
b) medium scale (several centimeters) — planar, stepped or undulating;
c) large scale (several metres) — straight, curved or wavy. (ISO14689)

DiscontinuityAperture

The perpendicular distance between the two surfaces of a discontinuity is referred to as the aperture. (ISO14689)

DiscontinuityInfilling

The infilling material between discontinuity surfaces shall be identified and described (e.g., soil,minerals such as calcite, quartz, epidote, chlorite, anhydrite, clay gouge, rock gouge or breccia). (ISO14689)

DiscontinuityWaterSeepage

Free moisture or water flow visible at individual spots or from discontinuities

Cohesion

Cohesive shear strength of a rock or soil that is independent of interparticle friction.

FrictionAngle

Derived from the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and used to describe the friction shear resistance of ground materials, together with the normal effective stress.

OGC GWML2

HydroGeoVoid

Voids are the spaces inside a unit (e.g., aquifer) or its material (e.g., the sandstone material of an aquifer), and might contain fluid bodies. Voids are differentiated from porosity, in that porosity is a ratio of void volume to total volume of unit plus voids, while voids are the spaces themselves. It is important to conceptually differentiate voids from units and their containers, in order to represent, for example, the volume of fractures, caves, or pores in a particular unit or its portion.

IFC 4.4+

Void

Same as OGC GWML2

BRGM

Registry

https://data.geoscience.fr/ncl/CaviTy

This register lists all the types of cavities. By cavity is meant an empty space in a rocky environment, of millimeter size (microcavities) to multidecametric (cave), filled with a gas or liquid phase.

OGC / INSPIRE Theme III: Natural Risk Zones

Hazard Area

Discrete spatial objects representing a natural hazard.

IFC

HazardArea

Same as OGC INSPIRE Natural Risk Zone

HazardType

A generic classification and a specific classification of the type of hazard.

LikelihoodOfOccurence

Likelihood is a general concept relating to the chance of an event occurring.

LevelOfIntensity

An expression of the magnitude or the intensity of a phenomenon.

validityPeriod

Future finite time frame where the hazard applies

DeterminationMethod

Different ways to delineate the perimeter of a hazard

INSPIRE

Codelist

https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue

A generic classification of types of natural hazards.

OGC LandInfra

Facility

Facilities include buildings and civil engineering works and their associated siteworks. Civil engineering works, or infrastructure facilities, are construction works comprising a structure, such as a dam, bridge, road, railway, runway, utilities, pipeline, or sewerage system, or are the result of operations such as dredging, earthwork, and geotechnical processes. A facility has a life cycle, including planning, design, construction, maintenance, operation, and removal phases The design and construction phases are typically performed as part of a project. There may be multiple such projects during the life cycle of the facility to enable phased construction and incremental improvement.

IFC

IFC_Bridge

IFC

IFC_Tunnel

IFC

IFC_Road

IFC

IFC_Building

assessmentOfVulnerability

Assessment of the vulnerability of the exposed element.

INSPIRE

Codelist

https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/codelist/NaturalHazardCategoryValue

A generic classification of types of natural hazards.

OGC EPOS

ModelView

Same as IFC

IFC

GeotechSynthesisModel

Link between the design and modeled geology and geotechnical conditions: summarized interpretation with regard to building, construction method, in relation to a section of the alignment or building structure. Typical definition of "baseline conditions" as usually included in a geotech. longitudinal section

AGSi

agsiModel

A digital geometric (1D, 2D or 3D) representation of the ground. There are potentially many different types of model covering different categories (conceptual, observational, analytical) and domains (geological, geotechnical, hydrogeological, geoenvironmental, etc.).

OGC LandInfra

Alignment

PositioningElement which provides a Linear Referencing System for locating PhysicalElements. An Alignment shall be continuous, non-branching, and non-overlapping. If it is a Project Alignment, it is for a single alternative, as specified by its owning ProjectPart.

IFC 4.4+

Alignment

Same as OGC LandInfra

IFC

GeotechTypicalSection

Interval along the alignment/building structure with similar ground conditions, as part of the GeotechSynthesis model that represents the connection between the ground model and the building. Includes key-properties like expected distribution of ground types (reference to GeotechUnits) and baseline-definition of expected ground conditions and potential hazards, and may also include key-information on design like excavation measures, distribution of support types etc.

OGC LandInfra

FacilityPart

Land and Infrastructure facility, such as a road or bridge. A facility has a life cycle, including planning, design, construction, maintenance, operation, and removal phases The design and construction phases are typically performed as part of a project. There may be multiple such projects during the life cycle of the facility to enable phased construction and incremental improvement.

ISO 19148

FeatureEvent

The FeatureEvent interface is used to linearly reference a feature along a LinearElement and possibly further qualified as applying at an instant in, or during a period of, time.

ExpGeotechUnit

Representative GeotecUnit expected in the subject typical section

ExpDistGeotechUnits

Expected distribution of project related “geotechnical units”(= ground types) in subject tunnel section

DiscontinuitySettings

Expected Sets of discontinuities, with typical orientation and properties like spacing, persistence etc.

Overburden

Range of overburden (distane from tunnel to ground surface) in the subject section

GroundwaterDesignPressure

Groundwater pressure to be considered in the design

GroundwaterInflowSum

Groundwater inflow measured or expected during a certain time span

GroundwaterAgressiveness

Rating of the aggressiveness e.g., towards concrete

GroundwaterTemperature

Groundwater temperature observed at specific location or expected in the subject section

Karst

Description of expected or observed karst features

Boulders

Description of expected or observed boulders features

GasType

Type of natural gas occurrence in subject section

GasConcentration

Expected concentration of gas to be encountered during excavation

DumpCategory

Project-related category for re-use and storage of the excavated material

Contamination

Expected anthropogenic contaminations

InSituStress

Anisotropic stress regime, with direction and magnitude of principal stresses

Swelling

Expected swelling behavior

GroundTemperature

Ground temperature expected in the subject section

CloggingPotential

Description or rating of the potential for clogging equipment in sticky ground

AsbestosPotential

Description or rating of the potential presence of asbestos in the ground

HeavyMetalsPotential

Description or rating of the potential presence of heavy metals in the ground

RiskIdentification

Name and Description of the risk

RiskNature

Description of the nature of the risk

RiskSource

Description of the source of the risk related to a specific uncertainty

Event

Occurrence or change of a particular set of circumstances

Likelihood

chance of something happening

Consequences

outcome of an event affecting the objectives

LevelOfRisk

Magnitude of a risk or combination of risks, expressed in terms of the combination of consequences and their likelihood

PreventiveTreatment

Description of the preventive treatment

LevelOfResidualRisk

Description of the preventive treatment

CurativeTreatment

Description of the curative treatment

OGC / INSPIRE Theme III: Natural Risk Zones

RiskZone

Discrete spatial objects representing the spatial extent of a combination of the consequences of an event (hazard) and the associated probability/likelihood of its occurrence.

IFC

GeotechTypicalSection

LevelOrIntensity

The level of risk is an assessment of the combination of the consequences of an event (hazard) and the associated probability/likelihood of the occurrence of the event.