1.    Scope

This OGC® standard defines an XML encoding for encoding user feedback about geospatial datasets or metadata records describing datasets. This standard reuses and extends the ISO 19115-1:2014 model and follows the ISO 19139 encoding rules. The XML encoding is based on the Geospatial User Feedback Conceptual Model Standard [OGC 15-097].

This OGC® standard is applicable to metadata catalogue servers and clients that want to exchange geospatial user feedback information.

This OGC® standard is defined to allow implementation of catalogue clients that are able to complement the discovery of geospatial datasets. Catalogue clients present query results, commonly based on summaries of detailed metadata records created and maintained by the producers. With this standard, the metadata responses can also provide user feedback summaries and detailed user feedback reports. Clients using this standard can provide a user interface to support provision of additional comments or inquiries about datasets or to complement the producer metadata by presenting additional user feedback information about the data.

Geospatial User Feedback as used in this standard encompasses: user comments, questions and answers, user reports of dataset problems and proposed solutions to those problems, ratings, usage reports, citations of related datasets or publications describing usage, quality reports, relevant additional provenance information, and significant events related to the use or interpretation of a dataset.

This standard does not define any query language to request or send user feedback to/from metadata catalogues.

2.    Conformance

This standard defines 4 conformance classes.

Requirements for some standardization targets types are considered:

• Requirement Quality Common: [http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0/req/quality-common] has a single conformance class, Quality Common: [http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0/conf/quality-common]. This conformance class targets clients and services implementing quality or user feedback models.
• Requirement Feedback-item: [http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0/req/feedback-item] has a single pertaining conformance class, Feedback-item [http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0/conf/ feedback-item]. This conformance class targets clients and services implementing user feedback models.
• Requirement Feedback-summary: [http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0/req/feedback-summary] has a single conformance class, Feedback-summary:, [http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0/conf/ feedback-summary]. This conformance class targets clients and services implementing user feedback models.
• Requirement Feedback-collection: [http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0/req/feedback-collection] has a single pertaining conformance class, Feedback-collection, [http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0/conf/ feedback-collection]. This conformance class targets clients and services implementing user feedback models.

Conformance with this standard shall be checked using all the relevant tests specified in Annex A (normative) of this document. The framework, concepts, and methodology for testing, and the criteria to be achieved to claim conformance are specified in the OGC Compliance Testing Policies and Procedures and the OGC Compliance Testing web site[2].

All requirements-classes and conformance-classes described in this document are owned by the standard(s) identified.

3.    References

The following normative documents contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.

ISO / TC 211: ISO 19115-1:2014 Geographic information – Metadata – Part 1: Fundamentals (2014)

ISO / TC 211: ISO 19157:2013 Geographic information – Data quality (2013)

ISO / TC 211: ISO 19139:2007 Geographic information – Metadata – XML schema implementation (2007)

ISO / TC 211: ISO 19115-3: Geographic information – Metadata – Part 3: XML schemas (2016)

OGC: OGC 15-097 Geospatial User Feedback Standard. Conceptual Model (2016)

The following candidate Standard is still under development in ISO / TC 211 and is referenced herein.

ISO / TC 211: ISO 19157-2 Geographic information – Data quality– Part 2: XML schemas (under development)

4.    Terms and Definitions

This document uses the terms defined in Sub-clause 5.3 of [OGC 06-121r8], which is based on the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, Rules for the structure and drafting of International Standards. In particular, the word “shall” (not “must”) is the verb form used to indicate a requirement to be strictly followed to conform to this standard.

This document uses the Terms and Definition provided by the OGC 15-097 Geospatial UserFeedback Conceptual Model standard. No additional terms and definitions apply.

5.    Conventions

5.1           Namespace prefix conventions

The following namespaces are used in this document. The prefix abbreviations used constitute conventions used here, but are not normative. The namespaces to which the prefixes refer to are normative.

6.    Geospatial User Feedback XML encoding

The encoding rules for creating a XML encoding from a UML model documented in ISO 19139 were used to elaborate the XML schemas described here. These encoding rules are coded in the ShapeChange application. ShapeChange was used to automatically transform the UML model from the OGC 15-097 Geospatial User Feedback Conceptual Model into the XML schemas that are complementing this standard. Since the conversion is automatic, this document will not provide tables describing the semantics of each element and the reader should refer to the conceptual model for details.

This encoding is intended for applications where the use of producer’s metadata encoded in 19115-1:2014 is common. In this way we pave the way for extending the current ISO19115-1:2014 metadata editors and catalogues to support this model. This encoding also aims for an easy integration of the producer metadata and the user feedback in client applications.

7.    Geospatial User feedback model: Core

This section describes two requirements classes that are fundamental for encoding Geospatial User Feedback items in XML: the Quality Common and the User Feedback Item.

7.1    Requirements Class Quality Common

This requirements class defines the XML encoding for data model classes that are common to, and useful for, both quality metadata generated by producers and user feedback metadata. For this reason they are kept in a separate conformance class. In essence, this conformance class represents the foundations for building a user feedback model. This requirements class inherits all the necessary elements from the ISO19115-1:2014 and the ISO19157:2013 metadata models (such as CI_Citation, CI_Date etc) and adds two extra classes for citing publications (QCM_Publications) and for reporting discovery issues (QCM_DiscoveredIssues).

The qcm.xsd schema has been derived automatically from the OGC 15-097 UML model. No tables describing the naming of the elements and subelements are reproduced here as they are specified in the conceptual model.

The following code shows a xml encoding example for QCM_Publication.

<QCM_Publication
          xmlns:cit=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/cit/1.0”
          xmlns:gco=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/gco/1.0”
          xmlns=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/common”
          xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
          xsi:schemaLocation=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/common ../qcm.xsd”>
  <cit:title>
     <gco:CharacterString>
	Exploiting synergies of global land cover products for carbon cycle modeling
     </gco:CharacterString>
  </cit:title>
  <cit:date>
     <cit:CI_Date>
       <cit:date>
          <gco:DateTime>2006-01-01T00:00:00Z</gco:DateTime>
       </cit:date>
       <cit:dateType>
          <cit:CI_DateTypeCode 
	codeList=“http://wis.wmo.int/2008/catalogues/draft_version_1-1/WMO_Codelists_ver1_1.xml#CI_DateTypeCode” 
	codeListValue=“creation”/>
       </cit:dateType>
     </cit:CI_Date>
  </cit:date>
  <cit:series>
     <cit:CI_Series>
       <cit:name>
          <gco:CharacterString>Remote Sensing of Environment</gco:CharacterString>
       </cit:name>
     </cit:CI_Series>
  </cit:series>
  <cit:otherCitationDetails>
     <gco:CharacterString>101 (2006) 534–553</gco:CharacterString>
  </cit:otherCitationDetails>
  <motivation>
     <QCM_CitationMotivationCode codeListValue=“descrive” 
	codeList=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/resources/codeList.xml#QCM_PublicationCategoryCode”>
     </QCM_CitationMotivationCode></motivation>
  <category>
     <QCM_PublicationCategoryCode codeListValue=“journalArticle” 
       codeList=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/resources/codeList.xml#QCM_PublicationCategoryCode”>
     </QCM_PublicationCategoryCode></category>
</QCM_Publication>
 
The following code shows a xml encoding example for QCM_DiscoveredIssue.
<QCM_DiscoveredIssue
          xmlns:gco=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/gco/1.0”
          xmlns=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/common”
          xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
          xsi:schemaLocation=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/common ../qcm.xsd”>
  <knownProblem>
     <gco:CharacterString>These maps cannot be used for land cover change detection since the error 
in the original map is higher than the change detected (e.g. GLC-2000 versus GlobCover). Due  to  the  
large  disagreements  between  these  land  cover products, we recommend that the user community does 
not, by default, use the latest product with the highest resolution, but carefully examines the 
sensitivity of these products within a specific application..</gco:CharacterString>
  </knownProblem>
  <workAround>
     <gco:CharacterString> In the situation where the maps are used for national and regional 
applications, we would recommend examining the disagreement of the products in the areas  of 
interest and also to compare them with high resolution ground data or aerial photography. One 
way to do this would be to use geo-wiki.org (Fritz et al 2009), a global land cover validation 
tool,  which  can  be  used  to  visualize  the  global  land  cover products and the disagreement 
directly on top of Google Earth. By exploring the discrepancies at the level of an individual 
country in combination with local knowledge, the user can gain insight into which product is 
better in a specific region and which product is better suited for a particular application.  
Crowd-sourced  data  in  the  form  of  geo-tagged photos and information collected through 
Web 2.0 applications like  geo-wiki  and  smart  phones  could  also  be  harnessed as  a  
rich  source  of  training  and  calibration  data  for  global land  cover  
algorithms. </gco:CharacterString>
  </workAround>
</QCM_DiscoveredIssue>

7.2    Requirements Class User Feedback Item

This requirements class defines the data model classes that are involved in the definition of an individual user feedback item. The GUF model makes an effort to remain as simple as possible but comprehensive enough to allow for simple user interfaces that can cover different levels of expertise on geospatial data usage. The following are examples of what the GUF model allows: commenting, asking questions, providing answers (the GUF_UserComment class), rating data (GUF_Rating), citing publications (QCM_Publication), providing a quality measure (additionalQuality), documenting additional lineage information (additional LineageSteps), or emphasizing a significant event that conditions the interpretation of a dataset (GUF_SignificantEvent).

Each one of the previous examples is considered an “item” of feedback. Geospatial User Every item is set into a context by a combination of target, citations and scope. Feedback can be provided both about data or metadata.

The guf.xsd schema has been derived automatically from the OGC 15-097 UML model. No tables describing the naming of the elements and subelements are reproduced here as they are specified in the conceptual model.

The following code shows a xml encoding example for GUF_FeedbackItem.

<GUF_FeedbackItem
          xmlns:mcc=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/mcc/1.0”
          xmlns:mdq=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/mdq/1.0”
          xmlns:mri=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/mri/1.0”
          xmlns:cit=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/cit/1.0”
          xmlns:gco=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/gco/1.0”
          xmlns:qcm=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/common”
          xmlns=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/core”
          xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
          xmlns:xlink=“http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink”
          xsi:schemaLocation=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/core ../guf.xsd”>
  <itemIdentifier>
     <mcc:MD_Identifier>
       <mcc:code>
          <gco:CharacterString>GCL2000_feedack_item_1</gco:CharacterString>
       </mcc:code>
     </mcc:MD_Identifier>
  </itemIdentifier>
  <abstract>
     <gco:CharacterString>Comparson with other land cover products is difficults because 
	legends are not compatible</gco:CharacterString>
  </abstract>
  <contactRole>
     <GUF_UserRoleCode codeListValue=“researchEndUser” codeList=“”>researchEndUser</GUF_UserRoleCode>
  </contactRole>
  <dateInfo>
     <cit:CI_Date>
       <cit:date><gco:DateTime>2006-03-01T00:00:00Z</gco:DateTime></cit:date>
       <cit:dateType>
          <cit:CI_DateTypeCode 
	codeList=“http://wis.wmo.int/2008/catalogues/draft_version_1-1/WMO_Codelists_ver1_1.xml#CI_DateTypeCode” 
	codeListValue=“creation”/>
       </cit:dateType>
     </cit:CI_Date>                
  </dateInfo>
  <citation>
     <cit:CI_Citation>
       <cit:title>
          <gco:CharacterString>Towards the global monitoring of biodiversity change</gco:CharacterString>
       </cit:title>
       <cit:date>
          <cit:CI_Date>
            <cit:date>
              <gco:DateTime>2006-03-01T00:00:00Z</gco:DateTime>
            </cit:date>
            <cit:dateType>
              <cit:CI_DateTypeCode 
	codeList=“http://wis.wmo.int/2008/catalogues/draft_version_1-1/WMO_Codelists_ver1_1.xml#CI_DateTypeCode” 
	codeListValue=“creation”/>
            </cit:dateType>
          </cit:CI_Date>
       </cit:date>
       <cit:series>
          <cit:CI_Series>
            <cit:name>
              <gco:CharacterString>TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution</gco:CharacterString>
            </cit:name>
          </cit:CI_Series>
       </cit:series>
       <cit:otherCitationDetails>
          <gco:CharacterString>Vol.21 No.3</gco:CharacterString>
       </cit:otherCitationDetails>
     </cit:CI_Citation>
  </citation>
  <contact>
     <GUF_UserInformation>
       <userDetails>
          <cit:CI_Responsibility>
            <cit:role>
              <cit:CI_RoleCode 
	codeList=“http://wis.wmo.int/2008/catalogues/draft_version_1-1/WMO_Codelists_ver1_1.xml#CI_RoleCode” 
	codeListValue=“user”/>
            </cit:role>
            <cit:party>
              <cit:CI_Individual>
                 <cit:name>
                   <gco:CharacterString>Henrique M. Pereira</gco:CharacterString>
                 </cit:name>
              </cit:CI_Individual>
            </cit:party>
          </cit:CI_Responsibility>
       </userDetails>
       <expertiseLevel>
          <GUF_RatingCode 
	codeListValue=“5” 
	codeList=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/resources/codeList.xml#GUF_RatingCode”></GUF_RatingCode>
       </expertiseLevel>
     </GUF_UserInformation>
  </contact>
  <userComment>
     <GUF_UserComment>
       <comment>
          <gco:CharacterString>Surprisingly,  there  are  no  directly comparable sets of 
global land-cover data for two different dates. For instance, the Global Land Cover for the year 
2000 (GLC 2000) based on SPOT VEGETATION (http://www-gvm.jrc.it/glc2000) is not directly comparable
with the International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme (IGBP) Land Cover (1992–1993, 
http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/glcc/globdoc2_0.asp)  based  on  the  National  Oceanic
and  Atmospheric  Administration  Advanced  Very  High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR). 
The difficulties arise from the use of different sensors, different land-cover
classification  systems  (including  different  definitions  of forest)  and  different  classification  
methods. </gco:CharacterString>
       </comment>
     </GUF_UserComment>
  </userComment>
  <target>
     <GUF_FeedbackTarget>
       <resourceRef xlink:href=“http://www-gvm.jrc.it/glc2000”>
          <cit:CI_Citation>
            <cit:title></cit:title>
            <cit:identifier>
              <mcc:MD_Identifier>
                 <mcc:code>
                   <gco:CharacterString>GLC2000</gco:CharacterString>
                 </mcc:code>
                 <mcc:codeSpace>
                   <gco:CharacterString>jrc.ec.europa.eu</gco:CharacterString>
                 </mcc:codeSpace>
              </mcc:MD_Identifier>
            </cit:identifier>
          </cit:CI_Citation>
       </resourceRef>
       <scope>
          <mcc:MD_Scope>
            <mcc:level>
              <mcc:MD_ScopeCode 
	codeListValue=“dataset” 
	codeList=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelist/cat/codeLists.xml#MD_ScopeCode”/>   
            </mcc:level>
          </mcc:MD_Scope>
       </scope>
       <role>
          <GUF_TargetRoleCode 
	codeListValue=“primary” 
	codeList=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/resources/codeList.xml#GUF_TargetRoleCode”>
          </GUF_TargetRoleCode>
       </role>
     </GUF_FeedbackTarget>
  </target>
  <target>
     <GUF_FeedbackTarget>
       <resourceRef xlink:href=“http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/glcc/globdoc2_0.asp”/>
       <scope>
          <mcc:MD_Scope>
            <mcc:level>
              <mcc:MD_ScopeCode 
	codeListValue=“dataset” 
	codeList=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelist/cat/codeLists.xml#MD_ScopeCode”/>
            </mcc:level>
          </mcc:MD_Scope>
       </scope>
       <role>
          <GUF_TargetRoleCode 
	codeListValue=“primary” 
	codeList=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/resources/codeList.xml#GUF_TargetRoleCode”>
          </GUF_TargetRoleCode>
       </role>
     </GUF_FeedbackTarget>
  </target>
</GUF_FeedbackItem>

8.    Geospatial User feedback model: Extensions

This section describes two requirements classes that are considered extensions of the XML encoding core: the User Feedback Summary and the User Feedback Collection.

8.1    Requirements Class User Feedback Summary Extension

This requirements class defines the XML encoding classes that allow for encoding summary statistics of feedback items that share the same target.

The ufs.xsd schema has been derived automatically from the OGC 15-097 UML model. No tables describing the naming of the elements and subelements are reproduced here as they are specified in the conceptual model.

The following code shows a xml encoding example for UFS_FeedbackSummary.

<UFS_FeedbackSummary
          xmlns:mcc=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/mcc/1.0”
          xmlns:mri=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/mri/1.0”
          xmlns:cit=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/cit/1.0”
          xmlns:gco=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/gco/1.0”
          xmlns:guf=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/core”
          xmlns=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/summary”
          xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance” xmlns:xlink=“http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink”
          xsi:schemaLocation=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/summary ../ufs.xsd”>
  <target>
     <cit:CI_Citation>
       <cit:title></cit:title>
       <cit:identifier>
          <mcc:MD_Identifier>
            <mcc:code>
              <gco:CharacterString>GLC2000</gco:CharacterString>
            </mcc:code>
            <mcc:codeSpace>
              <gco:CharacterString>jrc.ec.europa.eu</gco:CharacterString>
            </mcc:codeSpace>
          </mcc:MD_Identifier>
       </cit:identifier>
     </cit:CI_Citation>
  </target>
  <numberOfFeedbackItems><gco:Integer>4</gco:Integer></numberOfFeedbackItems>
  <minimumPossibleRating><gco:Real>1.0</gco:Real></minimumPossibleRating>
  <maximumPossibleRating><gco:Real>5.0</gco:Real></maximumPossibleRating>
  <averageRating><gco:Real>5.0</gco:Real></averageRating>
  <numberOfRatings><gco:Integer>0</gco:Integer></numberOfRatings>
  <numberOfUserComments><gco:Integer>3</gco:Integer></numberOfUserComments>
  <numberOfUsageReports><gco:Integer>2</gco:Integer></numberOfUsageReports>
  <numberOfCitations><gco:Integer>4</gco:Integer></numberOfCitations>
  <numberOfAdditionalQualities><gco:Integer>3</gco:Integer></numberOfAdditionalQualities>
  <numberOfAdditionalLineages><gco:Integer>0</gco:Integer></numberOfAdditionalLineages>
  <numberOfSignificantEvents><gco:Integer>0</gco:Integer></numberOfSignificantEvents>
</UFS_FeedbackSummary>

8.2    Requirements Class User Feedback Collection Extension

This requirements class defines the XML encoding classes that allow for grouping of feedback items into a feedback response and feedback collection with summary statistics. A feedback collection is a collection of a feedback items that share a common target and share the same rating code list.

The ufc.xsd schema has been derived automatically from the OGC 15-097 UML model. No tables describing the naming of the elements and subelements are reproduced here as they are specified in the conceptual model.

The following code shows a xml encoding example for UFC_FeedbackCollection.

<?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“UTF-8”?>
<UFC_FeedbackCollection
          xmlns:mcc=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/mcc/1.0”
          xmlns:mdq=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19157/-2/mdq/1.0”
          xmlns:mri=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/mri/1.0”
          xmlns:cit=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/cit/1.0”
          xmlns:gco=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/-3/gco/1.0”
          xmlns:qcm=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/common”
          xmlns:guf=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/core”
          xmlns=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/collection”
          xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance” xmlns:xlink=“http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink”
          xsi:schemaLocation=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/collection ../ufc.xsd”>
  <item>
     <guf:GUF_FeedbackItem>
       <guf:itemIdentifier>
          <mcc:MD_Identifier>
            <mcc:code>
              <gco:CharacterString>GCL2000_feedack_item_2</gco:CharacterString>
            </mcc:code>
          </mcc:MD_Identifier>
       </guf:itemIdentifier>
       <guf:abstract>
          <gco:CharacterString>Comparing several global land cover products, i.e. the Global Land 
Cover Characterization Database (GLCC), Global Land Cover 2000 (GLC2000), and the MODIS land 
cover product, reveil individual strengths and weaknesses of mapping approaches.</gco:CharacterString>
       </guf:abstract>
       <guf:contactRole>
          <guf:GUF_UserRoleCode 
	codeListValue=“researchEndUser” codeList=“”>researchEndUser</guf:GUF_UserRoleCode>
       </guf:contactRole>
       <guf:dateInfo>
          <cit:CI_Date>
            <cit:date>
              <gco:DateTime>2006-01-01T00:00:00Z</gco:DateTime>                                
            </cit:date>
            <cit:dateType>
              <cit:CI_DateTypeCode 
	codeList=“http://wis.wmo.int/2008/catalogues/draft_version_1-1/WMO_Codelists_ver1_1.xml#CI_DateTypeCode” 
	codeListValue=“creation”/>
            </cit:dateType>
          </cit:CI_Date>
       </guf:dateInfo>
       <guf:citation>
          <cit:CI_Citation>
            <cit:title>
              <gco:CharacterString>
		Exploiting synergies of global land cover products for carbon cycle modeling
	      </gco:CharacterString>
            </cit:title>
            <cit:date>
              <cit:CI_Date>
                 <cit:date>
                   <gco:DateTime>2006-01-01T00:00:00Z</gco:DateTime>
                 </cit:date>
                 <cit:dateType>
                   <cit:CI_DateTypeCode 
	codeList=“http://wis.wmo.int/2008/catalogues/draft_version_1-1/WMO_Codelists_ver1_1.xml#CI_DateTypeCode” 
	codeListValue=“creation”/>
                 </cit:dateType>
              </cit:CI_Date>
            </cit:date>
            <cit:series>
              <cit:CI_Series>
                 <cit:name>
                   <gco:CharacterString>Remote Sensing of Environment</gco:CharacterString>
                 </cit:name>
              </cit:CI_Series>
            </cit:series>
            <cit:otherCitationDetails>
              <gco:CharacterString>101 (2006) 534–553</gco:CharacterString>
            </cit:otherCitationDetails>
          </cit:CI_Citation>
       </guf:citation>
       <guf:additionalQuality>
          <mdq:DQ_DataQuality><mdq:scope><mcc:MD_Scope>
            <mcc:level><mcc:MD_ScopeCode 
	codeList=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelist/cat/codeLists.xml#MD_ScopeCode”  
	codeListValue=“dataset”/></mcc:level>
          </mcc:MD_Scope></mdq:scope>
          <mdq:report><mdq:DQ_DomainConsistency>
            <mdq:result>
              <mdq:DQ_DescriptiveResult>
                 <mdq:statement>
			<gco:CharacterString>14% of the area of the GLCC, GLC2000, 
and MODIS land cover maps, reclassified to the SIMPLE legend disagree in the all three land cover maps. 
Areas where all maps disagree or only two maps agree seem to be associated with mainly transitional 
ecozones with mixtures of the three main components trees, shrubs and grasses  such  as  tropical  
savannas  including  the  Sahel, Mediterranean Europe, and tundra.
			</gco:CharacterString>
		 </mdq:statement>
              </mdq:DQ_DescriptiveResult>
            </mdq:result>
          </mdq:DQ_DomainConsistency></mdq:report>
          </mdq:DQ_DataQuality>
       </guf:additionalQuality>
       <guf:usage>
          <guf:GUF_UsageReport>
            <guf:usageDescription>
              <mri:MD_Usage>
                 <mri:specificUsage><gco:CharacterString>GLCC, GLC2000 and MODIS land 
		cover products comparison</gco:CharacterString></mri:specificUsage>
              </mri:MD_Usage>
            </guf:usageDescription>
            <guf:discoveredIssue>
              <qcm:QCM_DiscoveredIssue>
                 <qcm:knownProblem>
                   <gco:CharacterString>None of legends  of  all  three  global  land  cover  
products  are  easily translated  into  the  land  cover  classes  of  vegetation  models without 
introducing uncertainty due to poor definition of mixed
classes or a lack of information about leaf type and phenology.</gco:CharacterString>
                 </qcm:knownProblem>
              </qcm:QCM_DiscoveredIssue>
            </guf:discoveredIssue>
          </guf:GUF_UsageReport>
       </guf:usage>
       <guf:contact>
          <guf:GUF_UserInformation>
            <guf:userDetails>
              <cit:CI_Responsibility>
                 <cit:role>
                   <cit:CI_RoleCode 
	codeList=“http://wis.wmo.int/2008/catalogues/draft_version_1-1/WMO_Codelists_ver1_1.xml#CI_RoleCode” 
	codeListValue=“user”/>
                 </cit:role>
                 <cit:party>
                   <cit:CI_Individual>
                     <cit:name>
                        <gco:CharacterString>Martin Jung</gco:CharacterString>
                     </cit:name>
                   </cit:CI_Individual>
                 </cit:party>
              </cit:CI_Responsibility>
            </guf:userDetails>
            <guf:expertiseLevel>
              <guf:GUF_RatingCode 
	codeListValue=“5” 
	codeList=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/resources/codeList.xml#GUF_RatingCode”></guf:GUF_RatingCode>
            </guf:expertiseLevel>
          </guf:GUF_UserInformation>
       </guf:contact>
       <guf:userComment>
          <guf:GUF_UserComment>
            <guf:comment>
              <gco:CharacterString> GLCC is based on poorly or uncorrected raw data, using only 
monthly NDVI composites that also have some geometric problems. The VEGA data set of GLC2000 with 
daily composites of calibrated spectral bands and NDVI offers  significantly  improved  data  and  
more  flexibility  for classification. A further advantage of the VEGA2000 is the effective  
geometric  correction  procedures  (Bartholomé  &amp; Belward, 2005). The input data sets of 
the MODIS product supersede  GLCC  and  GLC2000  in  terms  of  the  spectral properties of 
the MODIS instrument, specifically designed for land surface mapping. Also, the MODIS data are 
based on higher  spatial  resolution  of the  raw data  (250m/500m) and comprehensive  strategies  
of  data  correction  and  calibration. Regarding  the  applied  classification  methods,  
MLCCA (MODIS land cover classification algorithm) clearly seems the most sophisticated algorithm. 
In contrast to GLCC and GLC2000, it is purely objective, reproducible and operational for the 
whole globe, thus seems most suitable for change  detection.  GLCC offers the most flexibility 
for users in terms of available reclassifications including the Olsen classification with 94 classes. 
MODIS is also available in different legends, which is not the case for GLC2000. LCCS of GLC2000 
is the most advanced and flexible classification system with a clear rationale and standardized 
definition of the classes. Although GLC2000 benefits strongly from the use of LCCS and its 
regional bottom-up approach, its global map lacks some internal consistency associated with 
the individual mapping initiatives by different project participants.</gco:CharacterString>
            </guf:comment>
          </guf:GUF_UserComment>
       </guf:userComment>
       <guf:target>
          <guf:GUF_FeedbackTarget>
            <guf:resourceRef xlink:href=“http://www-gvm.jrc.it/glc2000”>
              <cit:CI_Citation>
                 <cit:title></cit:title>
                 <cit:identifier>                     
                   <mcc:MD_Identifier>
                     <mcc:code>
                         <gco:CharacterString>GLC2000</gco:CharacterString>
                     </mcc:code>
                     <mcc:codeSpace>
                        <gco:CharacterString>jrc.ec.europa.eu</gco:CharacterString>
                     </mcc:codeSpace>
                   </mcc:MD_Identifier>
                 </cit:identifier>
              </cit:CI_Citation>
            </guf:resourceRef>
            <guf:scope>
              <mcc:MD_Scope>
                 <mcc:level>
                   <mcc:MD_ScopeCode 
	codeListValue=“dataset” 
	codeList=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelist/cat/codeLists.xml#MD_ScopeCode”/>
                 </mcc:level>
              </mcc:MD_Scope>
            </guf:scope>
            <guf:role>
              <guf:GUF_TargetRoleCode 
	codeListValue=“primary” 
	codeList=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/resources/codeList.xml#GUF_TargetRoleCode”>
	      </guf:GUF_TargetRoleCode>
            </guf:role>
          </guf:GUF_FeedbackTarget>
       </guf:target>
       <guf:target>
          <guf:GUF_FeedbackTarget>
            <guf:resourceRef xlink:href=“http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/glcc/globdoc2_0.asp”>
              <cit:CI_Citation>
                 <cit:title></cit:title>
                 <cit:identifier>
                   <mcc:MD_Identifier>
                     <mcc:code>
                        <gco:CharacterString>
				Global Land Cover Characterization DataBase (GLCC)
			</gco:CharacterString>
                     </mcc:code>
                   </mcc:MD_Identifier>
                 </cit:identifier>
              </cit:CI_Citation>
            </guf:resourceRef>
            <guf:scope>
              <mcc:MD_Scope>
                 <mcc:level>
                   <mcc:MD_ScopeCode 
	codeListValue=“dataset” 
	codeList=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelist/cat/codeLists.xml#MD_ScopeCode”/>
                 </mcc:level>
              </mcc:MD_Scope>
            </guf:scope>
            <guf:role>
              <guf:GUF_TargetRoleCode 
	codeListValue=“primary” 
	codeList=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/resources/codeList.xml#GUF_TargetRoleCode”>
	      </guf:GUF_TargetRoleCode>
            </guf:role>
          </guf:GUF_FeedbackTarget>
       </guf:target>
       <guf:target>
          <guf:GUF_FeedbackTarget>
            <guf:resourceRef>
              <cit:CI_Citation>
                 <cit:title></cit:title>
                 <cit:identifier>
                   <mcc:MD_Identifier>
                     <mcc:code>
                        <gco:CharacterString>The  MODIS  land  cover  product</gco:CharacterString>
                     </mcc:code>
                   </mcc:MD_Identifier>
                 </cit:identifier>
              </cit:CI_Citation>
            </guf:resourceRef>
            <guf:scope>
              <mcc:MD_Scope>
                 <mcc:level>
                   <mcc:MD_ScopeCode 
	codeListValue=“dataset” 
	codeList=“http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelist/cat/codeLists.xml#MD_ScopeCode”/>
                 </mcc:level>
              </mcc:MD_Scope>
            </guf:scope>
            <guf:role>
              <guf:GUF_TargetRoleCode codeListValue=“primary”
		 codeList=“http://www.opengis.net/guf/1.0/resources/codeList.xml#GUF_TargetRoleCode”>
	      </guf:GUF_TargetRoleCode>
            </guf:role>
          </guf:GUF_FeedbackTarget>
       </guf:target>
     </guf:GUF_FeedbackItem>
  </item>
  <pagination>
     <UFC_ResponsePagination>
       <numberOfFeedbackItems>
	<gco:Integer>1</gco:Integer>
       </numberOfFeedbackItems>
       <count><gco:Integer>1</gco:Integer></count>
     </UFC_ResponsePagination>
  </pagination>
</UFC_FeedbackCollection>

Annex : Conformance Class Abstract Test Suites

(Normative)

A GUF XML implementation of this standard must satisfy the following system characteristics to be conformant with this specification.

A.1     Conformance class: Quality Common

The OGC URI identifier of this conformance class is:

http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0/conf/quality-common

Tests identifiers below are relative to http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0

A.2     Conformance class: User Feedback-item

The OGC URI identifier of this conformance class is:

http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0/conf/feedback-item

Tests identifiers below are relative to http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback/1.0

A.3     Conformance class: Feedback-summary

The OGC URI identifier of this conformance class is:

http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0/conf/feedback-summary

Tests identifiers below are relative to http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback/1.0

A.4     Conformance class: Feedback-collection

The OGC URI identifier of this conformance class is:

http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0/conf/feedback-collection

Tests identifiers below are relative to http://www.opengis.net/spec/geospatial-user-feedback-xml/1.0

Annex : XML Schema Documents (informative)

In addition to this document, this standard includes several XML Schema Documents. These XML Schema Documents are available at http://schemas.opengis.net/guf/1.0.

These XML Schema Documents and examples combine the XML schema fragments listed in various subclauses of this document, eliminating duplications. These XML Schema Documents match the GUF UML packages described in the OGC 15-097 Geospatial User Feedback Conceptual Model and were derived from them using ShapeChange application, and are named:

qcm.xsd

guf.xsd

ufs.xsd

ufc.xsd

These XML Schema Documents use and build on the ISO19115-3 and ISO19157-2 XML Schema Documents specified by ISO and that are available at http://standards.iso.org/iso, named:

19115/-3/mcc/1.0/mcc.xsd

19157/-2/mdq/1.0/mdq.xsd

19115/-3/gex/1.0/gex.xsd

19115/-3/mri/1.0/mri.xsd

19115/-3/cit/1.0/cit.xsd

19115/-3/gco/1.0/gco.xsd

19115/-3/mrl/1.0/mrl.xsd

19115/-3/lan/1.0/lan.xsd

19115/-3/mdb/1.0/mdb.xsd

All these XML Schema Documents contain documentation of the meaning of each element and attribute, and this documentation shall be considered normative as specified in Subclause 11.6.3 of [OGC 06-121r3].

Annex : Revision history (informative)

Annex : Bibliography

OGC: OGC 08-131r3, The Specification Model — A Standard for Modular specifications (2009)

OGC: OGC 12-093, OWS-9: UML-to-GML-Application-Schema (UGAS) Conversion Engineering Report. Clemens Portele (ed.) (2013)

ShapeChange: Processing application schemas for geographic information., Website: http://shapechange.net/

[1] http://schemas.geoviqua.org

[2] www.opengeospatial.org/cite